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source: vbox/trunk/src/VBox/VMM/VMMR3/NEMR3Native-win.cpp@ 94425

Last change on this file since 94425 was 94425, checked in by vboxsync, 2 years ago
VMM: doxygen fixes (don't duplicate docs, newer doxygen version dislikes it (sometimes)).
Property svn:eol-style set to `native` Property svn:keywords set to `Author Date Id Revision`
File size: 152.6 KB

Line
1	/* $Id: NEMR3Native-win.cpp 94425 2022-03-31 23:57:15Z vboxsync $ */
2	/** @file
3	* NEM - Native execution manager, native ring-3 Windows backend.
4	*
5	* Log group 2: Exit logging.
6	* Log group 3: Log context on exit.
7	* Log group 5: Ring-3 memory management
8	* Log group 6: Ring-0 memory management
9	* Log group 12: API intercepts.
10	*/
11
12	/*
13	* Copyright (C) 2018-2022 Oracle Corporation
14	*
15	* This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
16	* available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
17	* you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
18	* General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
19	* Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
20	* VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
21	* hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
22	*/
23
24
25	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
26	* Header Files *
27	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
28	#define LOG_GROUP LOG_GROUP_NEM
29	#define VMCPU_INCL_CPUM_GST_CTX
30	#include <iprt/nt/nt-and-windows.h>
31	#include <iprt/nt/hyperv.h>
32	#include <iprt/nt/vid.h>
33	#include <WinHvPlatform.h>
34
35	#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10
36	# error "Missing _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10"
37	#endif
38	#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10_RS1 /* Missing define, causing trouble for us. */
39	# define _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10_RS1 (_WIN32_WINNT_WIN10 + 1)
40	#endif
41	#include <sysinfoapi.h>
42	#include <debugapi.h>
43	#include <errhandlingapi.h>
44	#include <fileapi.h>
45	#include <winerror.h> /* no api header for this. */
46
47	#include <VBox/vmm/nem.h>
48	#include <VBox/vmm/iem.h>
49	#include <VBox/vmm/em.h>
50	#include <VBox/vmm/apic.h>
51	#include <VBox/vmm/pdm.h>
52	#include <VBox/vmm/dbgftrace.h>
53	#include "NEMInternal.h"
54	#include <VBox/vmm/vmcc.h>
55
56	#include <iprt/ldr.h>
57	#include <iprt/path.h>
58	#include <iprt/string.h>
59	#include <iprt/system.h>
60	#include <iprt/utf16.h>
61
62	#ifndef NTDDI_WIN10_VB /* Present in W10 2004 SDK, quite possibly earlier. */
63	HRESULT WINAPI WHvQueryGpaRangeDirtyBitmap(WHV_PARTITION_HANDLE, WHV_GUEST_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS, UINT64, UINT64 *, UINT32);
64	# define WHvMapGpaRangeFlagTrackDirtyPages ((WHV_MAP_GPA_RANGE_FLAGS)0x00000008)
65	#endif
66
67
68	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
69	* Defined Constants And Macros *
70	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
71	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
72	# define NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
73	#endif
74
75	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake partition handle input. */
76	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE ((HANDLE)(uintptr_t)38479125)
77	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake partition ID return. */
78	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_ID UINT64_C(0xfa1e000042424242)
79	/** VID I/O control detection: The property we get via VidGetPartitionProperty. */
80	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_PROPERTY_CODE HvPartitionPropertyProcessorVendor
81	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake property value return. */
82	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_PROPERTY_VALUE UINT64_C(0xf00dface01020304)
83	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake CPU index input. */
84	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX UINT32_C(42)
85	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake timeout input. */
86	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_TIMEOUT UINT32_C(0x00080286)
87
88
89	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
90	* Global Variables *
91	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
92	/** @name APIs imported from WinHvPlatform.dll
93	* @{ */
94	static decltype(WHvGetCapability) * g_pfnWHvGetCapability;
95	static decltype(WHvCreatePartition) * g_pfnWHvCreatePartition;
96	static decltype(WHvSetupPartition) * g_pfnWHvSetupPartition;
97	static decltype(WHvDeletePartition) * g_pfnWHvDeletePartition;
98	static decltype(WHvGetPartitionProperty) * g_pfnWHvGetPartitionProperty;
99	static decltype(WHvSetPartitionProperty) * g_pfnWHvSetPartitionProperty;
100	static decltype(WHvMapGpaRange) * g_pfnWHvMapGpaRange;
101	static decltype(WHvUnmapGpaRange) * g_pfnWHvUnmapGpaRange;
102	static decltype(WHvTranslateGva) * g_pfnWHvTranslateGva;
103	static decltype(WHvQueryGpaRangeDirtyBitmap) * g_pfnWHvQueryGpaRangeDirtyBitmap;
104	static decltype(WHvCreateVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvCreateVirtualProcessor;
105	static decltype(WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvDeleteVirtualProcessor;
106	static decltype(WHvRunVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvRunVirtualProcessor;
107	static decltype(WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor;
108	static decltype(WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters) * g_pfnWHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters;
109	static decltype(WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters) * g_pfnWHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters;
110	/** @} */
111
112	/** @name APIs imported from Vid.dll
113	* @{ */
114	static decltype(VidGetHvPartitionId) *g_pfnVidGetHvPartitionId;
115	static decltype(VidGetPartitionProperty) *g_pfnVidGetPartitionProperty;
116	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
117	static decltype(VidStartVirtualProcessor) *g_pfnVidStartVirtualProcessor;
118	static decltype(VidStopVirtualProcessor) *g_pfnVidStopVirtualProcessor;
119	static decltype(VidMessageSlotMap) *g_pfnVidMessageSlotMap;
120	static decltype(VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext) *g_pfnVidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext;
121	static decltype(VidGetVirtualProcessorState) *g_pfnVidGetVirtualProcessorState;
122	static decltype(VidSetVirtualProcessorState) *g_pfnVidSetVirtualProcessorState;
123	static decltype(VidGetVirtualProcessorRunningStatus) *g_pfnVidGetVirtualProcessorRunningStatus;
124	#endif
125	/** @} */
126
127	/** The Windows build number. */
128	static uint32_t g_uBuildNo = 17134;
129
130
131
132	/**
133	* Import instructions.
134	*/
135	static const struct
136	{
137	uint8_t idxDll; /*< 0 for WinHvPlatform.dll, 1 for vid.dll. /
138	bool fOptional; /*< Set if import is optional. /
139	PFNRT ppfn; /< The function pointer variable. /
140	const char pszName; /< The function name. /
141	} g_aImports[] =
142	{
143	#define NEM_WIN_IMPORT(a_idxDll, a_fOptional, a_Name) { (a_idxDll), (a_fOptional), (PFNRT *)&RT_CONCAT(g_pfn,a_Name), #a_Name }
144	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvGetCapability),
145	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvCreatePartition),
146	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvSetupPartition),
147	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvDeletePartition),
148	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvGetPartitionProperty),
149	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvSetPartitionProperty),
150	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvMapGpaRange),
151	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvUnmapGpaRange),
152	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvTranslateGva),
153	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, true, WHvQueryGpaRangeDirtyBitmap),
154	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvCreateVirtualProcessor),
155	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor),
156	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvRunVirtualProcessor),
157	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor),
158	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters),
159	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters),
160
161	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, true, VidGetHvPartitionId),
162	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, true, VidGetPartitionProperty),
163	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
164	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidMessageSlotMap),
165	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext),
166	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidStartVirtualProcessor),
167	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidStopVirtualProcessor),
168	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidGetVirtualProcessorState),
169	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidSetVirtualProcessorState),
170	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidGetVirtualProcessorRunningStatus),
171	#endif
172	#undef NEM_WIN_IMPORT
173	};
174
175
176	/** The real NtDeviceIoControlFile API in NTDLL. */
177	static decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) *g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile;
178	/** Pointer to the NtDeviceIoControlFile import table entry. */
179	static decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) **g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile;
180	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
181	/** Info about the VidGetHvPartitionId I/O control interface. */
182	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId;
183	/** Info about the VidGetPartitionProperty I/O control interface. */
184	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlGetPartitionProperty;
185	/** Info about the VidStartVirtualProcessor I/O control interface. */
186	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor;
187	/** Info about the VidStopVirtualProcessor I/O control interface. */
188	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor;
189	/** Info about the VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext I/O control interface. */
190	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext;
191	/** Info about the VidMessageSlotMap I/O control interface - for logging. */
192	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap;
193	/** Info about the VidGetVirtualProcessorState I/O control interface - for logging. */
194	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlGetVirtualProcessorState;
195	/** Info about the VidSetVirtualProcessorState I/O control interface - for logging. */
196	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlSetVirtualProcessorState;
197	/** Pointer to what nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging should fill in. */
198	static NEMWINIOCTL *g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging;
199	#endif
200
201	#ifdef NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
202	/** Mapping slot for CPU #0.
203	* @{ */
204	static VID_MESSAGE_MAPPING_HEADER *g_pMsgSlotMapping = NULL;
205	static const HV_MESSAGE_HEADER *g_pHvMsgHdr;
206	static const HV_X64_INTERCEPT_MESSAGE_HEADER *g_pX64MsgHdr;
207	/** @} */
208	#endif
209
210
211	/*
212	* Let the preprocessor alias the APIs to import variables for better autocompletion.
213	*/
214	#ifndef IN_SLICKEDIT
215	# define WHvGetCapability g_pfnWHvGetCapability
216	# define WHvCreatePartition g_pfnWHvCreatePartition
217	# define WHvSetupPartition g_pfnWHvSetupPartition
218	# define WHvDeletePartition g_pfnWHvDeletePartition
219	# define WHvGetPartitionProperty g_pfnWHvGetPartitionProperty
220	# define WHvSetPartitionProperty g_pfnWHvSetPartitionProperty
221	# define WHvMapGpaRange g_pfnWHvMapGpaRange
222	# define WHvUnmapGpaRange g_pfnWHvUnmapGpaRange
223	# define WHvTranslateGva g_pfnWHvTranslateGva
224	# define WHvQueryGpaRangeDirtyBitmap g_pfnWHvQueryGpaRangeDirtyBitmap
225	# define WHvCreateVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvCreateVirtualProcessor
226	# define WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvDeleteVirtualProcessor
227	# define WHvRunVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvRunVirtualProcessor
228	# define WHvGetRunExitContextSize g_pfnWHvGetRunExitContextSize
229	# define WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor
230	# define WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters g_pfnWHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters
231	# define WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters g_pfnWHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters
232
233	# define VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext g_pfnVidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext
234	# define VidStartVirtualProcessor g_pfnVidStartVirtualProcessor
235	# define VidStopVirtualProcessor g_pfnVidStopVirtualProcessor
236
237	#endif
238
239	/** WHV_MEMORY_ACCESS_TYPE names */
240	static const char * const g_apszWHvMemAccesstypes[4] = { "read", "write", "exec", "!undefined!" };
241
242
243	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
244	* Internal Functions *
245	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
246	DECLINLINE(int) nemR3NativeGCPhys2R3PtrReadOnly(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, const void **ppv);
247	DECLINLINE(int) nemR3NativeGCPhys2R3PtrWriteable(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, void **ppv);
248
249	/*
250	* Instantate the code we used to share with ring-0.
251	*/
252	#include "../VMMAll/NEMAllNativeTemplate-win.cpp.h"
253
254
255
256	#ifdef NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
257	/**
258	* Wrapper that logs the call from VID.DLL.
259	*
260	* This is very handy for figuring out why an API call fails.
261	*/
262	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
263	nemR3WinLogWrapper_NtDeviceIoControlFile(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
264	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
265	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
266	{
267
268	char szFunction[32];
269	const char *pszFunction;
270	if (uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction)
271	pszFunction = "VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext";
272	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction)
273	pszFunction = "VidStartVirtualProcessor";
274	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction)
275	pszFunction = "VidStopVirtualProcessor";
276	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap.uFunction)
277	pszFunction = "VidMessageSlotMap";
278	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlGetVirtualProcessorState.uFunction)
279	pszFunction = "VidGetVirtualProcessorState";
280	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlSetVirtualProcessorState.uFunction)
281	pszFunction = "VidSetVirtualProcessorState";
282	else
283	{
284	RTStrPrintf(szFunction, sizeof(szFunction), "%#x", uFunction);
285	pszFunction = szFunction;
286	}
287
288	if (cbInput > 0 && pvInput)
289	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: %s/input: %.*Rhxs\n", pszFunction, RT_MIN(cbInput, 32), pvInput));
290	NTSTATUS rcNt = g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile(hFile, hEvt, pfnApcCallback, pvApcCtx, pIos, uFunction,
291	pvInput, cbInput, pvOutput, cbOutput);
292	if (!hEvt && !pfnApcCallback && !pvApcCtx)
293	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: hFile=%#zx pIos=%p->{s:%#x, i:%#zx} uFunction=%s Input=%p LB %#x Output=%p LB %#x) -> %#x; Caller=%p\n",
294	hFile, pIos, pIos->Status, pIos->Information, pszFunction, pvInput, cbInput, pvOutput, cbOutput, rcNt, ASMReturnAddress()));
295	else
296	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: hFile=%#zx hEvt=%#zx Apc=%p/%p pIos=%p->{s:%#x, i:%#zx} uFunction=%s Input=%p LB %#x Output=%p LB %#x) -> %#x; Caller=%p\n",
297	hFile, hEvt, RT_CB_LOG_CAST(pfnApcCallback), pvApcCtx, pIos, pIos->Status, pIos->Information, pszFunction,
298	pvInput, cbInput, pvOutput, cbOutput, rcNt, ASMReturnAddress()));
299	if (cbOutput > 0 && pvOutput)
300	{
301	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: %s/output: %.*Rhxs\n", pszFunction, RT_MIN(cbOutput, 32), pvOutput));
302	if (uFunction == 0x2210cc && g_pMsgSlotMapping == NULL && cbOutput >= sizeof(void *))
303	{
304	g_pMsgSlotMapping = (VID_MESSAGE_MAPPING_HEADER *)pvOutput;
305	g_pHvMsgHdr = (const HV_MESSAGE_HEADER *)(g_pMsgSlotMapping + 1);
306	g_pX64MsgHdr = (const HV_X64_INTERCEPT_MESSAGE_HEADER *)(g_pHvMsgHdr + 1);
307	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: Message slot mapping: %p\n", g_pMsgSlotMapping));
308	}
309	}
310	if ( g_pMsgSlotMapping
311	&& ( uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction
312	\|\| uFunction == g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction
313	\|\| uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap.uFunction
314	))
315	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: enmVidMsgType=%#x cb=%#x msg=%#x payload=%u cs:rip=%04x:%08RX64 (%s)\n",
316	g_pMsgSlotMapping->enmVidMsgType, g_pMsgSlotMapping->cbMessage,
317	g_pHvMsgHdr->MessageType, g_pHvMsgHdr->PayloadSize,
318	g_pX64MsgHdr->CsSegment.Selector, g_pX64MsgHdr->Rip, pszFunction));
319
320	return rcNt;
321	}
322	#endif /* NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS */
323
324
325	/**
326	* Patches the call table of VID.DLL so we can intercept NtDeviceIoControlFile.
327	*
328	* This is for used to figure out the I/O control codes and in logging builds
329	* for logging API calls that WinHvPlatform.dll does.
330	*
331	* @returns VBox status code.
332	* @param hLdrModVid The VID module handle.
333	* @param pErrInfo Where to return additional error information.
334	*/
335	static int nemR3WinInitVidIntercepts(RTLDRMOD hLdrModVid, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
336	{
337	/*
338	* Locate the real API.
339	*/
340	g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile = (decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) *)RTLdrGetSystemSymbol("NTDLL.DLL", "NtDeviceIoControlFile");
341	AssertReturn(g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile != NULL,
342	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Failed to resolve NtDeviceIoControlFile from NTDLL.DLL"));
343
344	/*
345	* Locate the PE header and get what we need from it.
346	*/
347	uint8_t const pbImage = (uint8_t const )RTLdrGetNativeHandle(hLdrModVid);
348	IMAGE_DOS_HEADER const pMzHdr = (IMAGE_DOS_HEADER const )pbImage;
349	AssertReturn(pMzHdr->e_magic == IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE,
350	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL mapping doesn't start with MZ signature: %#x", pMzHdr->e_magic));
351	IMAGE_NT_HEADERS const pNtHdrs = (IMAGE_NT_HEADERS const )&pbImage[pMzHdr->e_lfanew];
352	AssertReturn(pNtHdrs->Signature == IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE,
353	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL has invalid PE signaturre: %#x @%#x",
354	pNtHdrs->Signature, pMzHdr->e_lfanew));
355
356	uint32_t const cbImage = pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage;
357	IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY const ImportDir = pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT];
358
359	/*
360	* Walk the import descriptor table looking for NTDLL.DLL.
361	*/
362	AssertReturn( ImportDir.Size > 0
363	&& ImportDir.Size < cbImage,
364	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad import directory size: %#x", ImportDir.Size));
365	AssertReturn( ImportDir.VirtualAddress > 0
366	&& ImportDir.VirtualAddress <= cbImage - ImportDir.Size,
367	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad import directory RVA: %#x", ImportDir.VirtualAddress));
368
369	for (PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR pImps = (PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)&pbImage[ImportDir.VirtualAddress];
370	pImps->Name != 0 && pImps->FirstThunk != 0;
371	pImps++)
372	{
373	AssertReturn(pImps->Name < cbImage,
374	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad import directory entry name: %#x", pImps->Name));
375	const char pszModName = (const char )&pbImage[pImps->Name];
376	if (RTStrICmpAscii(pszModName, "ntdll.dll"))
377	continue;
378	AssertReturn(pImps->FirstThunk < cbImage,
379	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad FirstThunk: %#x", pImps->FirstThunk));
380	AssertReturn(pImps->OriginalFirstThunk < cbImage,
381	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad FirstThunk: %#x", pImps->FirstThunk));
382
383	/*
384	* Walk the thunks table(s) looking for NtDeviceIoControlFile.
385	*/
386	uintptr_t puFirstThunk = (uintptr_t )&pbImage[pImps->FirstThunk]; /* update this. */
387	if ( pImps->OriginalFirstThunk != 0
388	&& pImps->OriginalFirstThunk != pImps->FirstThunk)
389	{
390	uintptr_t const puOrgThunk = (uintptr_t const )&pbImage[pImps->OriginalFirstThunk]; /* read from this. */
391	uintptr_t cLeft = (cbImage - (RT_MAX(pImps->FirstThunk, pImps->OriginalFirstThunk)))
392	/ sizeof(*puFirstThunk);
393	while (cLeft-- > 0 && *puOrgThunk != 0)
394	{
395	if (!(puOrgThunk & IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG64)) / ASSUMES 64-bit */
396	{
397	AssertReturn(puOrgThunk > 0 && puOrgThunk < cbImage,
398	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad thunk entry: %#x", *puOrgThunk));
399
400	const char pszSymbol = (const char )&pbImage[*puOrgThunk + 2];
401	if (strcmp(pszSymbol, "NtDeviceIoControlFile") == 0)
402	g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = (decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) **)puFirstThunk;
403	}
404
405	puOrgThunk++;
406	puFirstThunk++;
407	}
408	}
409	else
410	{
411	/* No original thunk table, so scan the resolved symbols for a match
412	with the NtDeviceIoControlFile address. */
413	uintptr_t const uNeedle = (uintptr_t)g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile;
414	uintptr_t cLeft = (cbImage - pImps->FirstThunk) / sizeof(*puFirstThunk);
415	while (cLeft-- > 0 && *puFirstThunk != 0)
416	{
417	if (*puFirstThunk == uNeedle)
418	g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = (decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) **)puFirstThunk;
419	puFirstThunk++;
420	}
421	}
422	}
423
424	if (g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile != NULL)
425	{
426	/* Make the thunk writable we can freely modify it. */
427	DWORD fOldProt = PAGE_READONLY;
428	VirtualProtect((void *)(uintptr_t)g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile, sizeof(uintptr_t), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &fOldProt);
429
430	#ifdef NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
431	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinLogWrapper_NtDeviceIoControlFile;
432	#endif
433	return VINF_SUCCESS;
434	}
435	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Failed to patch NtDeviceIoControlFile import in VID.DLL!");
436	}
437
438
439	/**
440	* Worker for nemR3NativeInit that probes and load the native API.
441	*
442	* @returns VBox status code.
443	* @param fForced Whether the HMForced flag is set and we should
444	* fail if we cannot initialize.
445	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
446	*/
447	static int nemR3WinInitProbeAndLoad(bool fForced, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
448	{
449	/*
450	* Check that the DLL files we need are present, but without loading them.
451	* We'd like to avoid loading them unnecessarily.
452	*/
453	WCHAR wszPath[MAX_PATH + 64];
454	UINT cwcPath = GetSystemDirectoryW(wszPath, MAX_PATH);
455	if (cwcPath >= MAX_PATH \|\| cwcPath < 2)
456	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "GetSystemDirectoryW failed (%#x / %u)", cwcPath, GetLastError());
457
458	if (wszPath[cwcPath - 1] != '\\' \|\| wszPath[cwcPath - 1] != '/')
459	wszPath[cwcPath++] = '\\';
460	RTUtf16CopyAscii(&wszPath[cwcPath], RT_ELEMENTS(wszPath) - cwcPath, "WinHvPlatform.dll");
461	if (GetFileAttributesW(wszPath) == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
462	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "The native API dll was not found (%ls)", wszPath);
463
464	/*
465	* Check that we're in a VM and that the hypervisor identifies itself as Hyper-V.
466	*/
467	if (!ASMHasCpuId())
468	return RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "No CPUID support");
469	if (!RTX86IsValidStdRange(ASMCpuId_EAX(0)))
470	return RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "No CPUID leaf #1");
471	if (!(ASMCpuId_ECX(1) & X86_CPUID_FEATURE_ECX_HVP))
472	return RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "Not in a hypervisor partition (HVP=0)");
473
474	uint32_t cMaxHyperLeaf = 0;
475	uint32_t uEbx = 0;
476	uint32_t uEcx = 0;
477	uint32_t uEdx = 0;
478	ASMCpuIdExSlow(0x40000000, 0, 0, 0, &cMaxHyperLeaf, &uEbx, &uEcx, &uEdx);
479	if (!RTX86IsValidHypervisorRange(cMaxHyperLeaf))
480	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "Invalid hypervisor CPUID range (%#x %#x %#x %#x)",
481	cMaxHyperLeaf, uEbx, uEcx, uEdx);
482	if ( uEbx != UINT32_C(0x7263694d) /* Micr */
483	\|\| uEcx != UINT32_C(0x666f736f) /* osof */
484	\|\| uEdx != UINT32_C(0x76482074) /* t Hv */)
485	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE,
486	"Not Hyper-V CPUID signature: %#x %#x %#x (expected %#x %#x %#x)",
487	uEbx, uEcx, uEdx, UINT32_C(0x7263694d), UINT32_C(0x666f736f), UINT32_C(0x76482074));
488	if (cMaxHyperLeaf < UINT32_C(0x40000005))
489	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "Too narrow hypervisor CPUID range (%#x)", cMaxHyperLeaf);
490
491	/** @todo would be great if we could recognize a root partition from the
492	* CPUID info, but I currently don't dare do that. */
493
494	/*
495	* Now try load the DLLs and resolve the APIs.
496	*/
497	static const char * const s_apszDllNames[2] = { "WinHvPlatform.dll", "vid.dll" };
498	RTLDRMOD ahMods[2] = { NIL_RTLDRMOD, NIL_RTLDRMOD };
499	int rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
500	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(s_apszDllNames); i++)
501	{
502	int rc2 = RTLdrLoadSystem(s_apszDllNames[i], true /fNoUnload/, &ahMods[i]);
503	if (RT_FAILURE(rc2))
504	{
505	if (!RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo))
506	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, rc2, "Failed to load API DLL: %s: %Rrc", s_apszDllNames[i], rc2);
507	else
508	RTErrInfoAddF(pErrInfo, rc2, "; %s: %Rrc", s_apszDllNames[i], rc2);
509	ahMods[i] = NIL_RTLDRMOD;
510	rc = VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED;
511	}
512	}
513	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
514	rc = nemR3WinInitVidIntercepts(ahMods[1], pErrInfo);
515	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
516	{
517	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(g_aImports); i++)
518	{
519	int rc2 = RTLdrGetSymbol(ahMods[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName, (void **)g_aImports[i].ppfn);
520	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc2))
521	{
522	if (g_aImports[i].fOptional)
523	LogRel(("NEM: info: Found optional import %s!%s.\n",
524	s_apszDllNames[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName));
525	}
526	else
527	{
528	*g_aImports[i].ppfn = NULL;
529
530	LogRel(("NEM: %s: Failed to import %s!%s: %Rrc",
531	g_aImports[i].fOptional ? "info" : fForced ? "fatal" : "error",
532	s_apszDllNames[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName, rc2));
533	if (!g_aImports[i].fOptional)
534	{
535	if (RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo))
536	RTErrInfoAddF(pErrInfo, rc2, ", %s!%s",
537	s_apszDllNames[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName);
538	else
539	rc = RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, rc2, "Failed to import: %s!%s",
540	s_apszDllNames[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName);
541	Assert(RT_FAILURE(rc));
542	}
543	}
544	}
545	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
546	{
547	Assert(!RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo));
548	}
549	}
550
551	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(ahMods); i++)
552	RTLdrClose(ahMods[i]);
553	return rc;
554	}
555
556
557	/**
558	* Wrapper for different WHvGetCapability signatures.
559	*/
560	DECLINLINE(HRESULT) WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHV_CAPABILITY_CODE enmCap, WHV_CAPABILITY *pOutput, uint32_t cbOutput)
561	{
562	return g_pfnWHvGetCapability(enmCap, pOutput, cbOutput, NULL);
563	}
564
565
566	/**
567	* Worker for nemR3NativeInit that gets the hypervisor capabilities.
568	*
569	* @returns VBox status code.
570	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
571	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
572	*/
573	static int nemR3WinInitCheckCapabilities(PVM pVM, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
574	{
575	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX(a_szField, a_szFmt, a_Value) LogRel(("NEM: %-38s= " a_szFmt "\n", a_szField, a_Value))
576	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB_EX(a_szField, a_szFmt, a_Value) LogRel(("NEM: %36s: " a_szFmt "\n", a_szField, a_Value))
577	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB(a_szField, a_Value) NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB_EX(a_szField, "%d", a_Value)
578
579	/*
580	* Is the hypervisor present with the desired capability?
581	*
582	* In build 17083 this translates into:
583	* - CPUID[0x00000001].HVP is set
584	* - CPUID[0x40000000] == "Microsoft Hv"
585	* - CPUID[0x40000001].eax == "Hv#1"
586	* - CPUID[0x40000003].ebx[12] is set.
587	* - VidGetExoPartitionProperty(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, 0x60000, &Ignored) returns
588	* a non-zero value.
589	*/
590	/**
591	* @todo Someone at Microsoft please explain weird API design:
592	* 1. Pointless CapabilityCode duplication int the output;
593	* 2. No output size.
594	*/
595	WHV_CAPABILITY Caps;
596	RT_ZERO(Caps);
597	SetLastError(0);
598	HRESULT hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
599	DWORD rcWin = GetLastError();
600	if (FAILED(hrc))
601	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
602	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
603	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
604	if (!Caps.HypervisorPresent)
605	{
606	if (!RTPathExists(RTPATH_NT_PASSTHRU_PREFIX "Device\\VidExo"))
607	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE,
608	"WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent is FALSE! Make sure you have enabled the 'Windows Hypervisor Platform' feature.");
609	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent is FALSE! (%u)", rcWin);
610	}
611	LogRel(("NEM: WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent is TRUE, so this might work...\n"));
612
613
614	/*
615	* Check what extended VM exits are supported.
616	*/
617	RT_ZERO(Caps);
618	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeExtendedVmExits, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
619	if (FAILED(hrc))
620	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
621	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeExtendedVmExits failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
622	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
623	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeExtendedVmExits", "%'#018RX64", Caps.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64);
624	pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit = RT_BOOL(Caps.ExtendedVmExits.X64MsrExit);
625	pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit = RT_BOOL(Caps.ExtendedVmExits.X64CpuidExit);
626	pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit = RT_BOOL(Caps.ExtendedVmExits.ExceptionExit);
627	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB("fExtendedMsrExit", pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit);
628	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB("fExtendedCpuIdExit", pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit);
629	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB("fExtendedXcptExit", pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit);
630	if (Caps.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64 & ~(uint64_t)7)
631	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown VM exit definitions: %#RX64\n", Caps.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64));
632	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_EXTENDED_VM_EXITS typedef. */
633
634	/*
635	* Check features in case they end up defining any.
636	*/
637	RT_ZERO(Caps);
638	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeFeatures, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
639	if (FAILED(hrc))
640	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
641	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeFeatures failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
642	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
643	if (Caps.Features.AsUINT64 & ~(uint64_t)0)
644	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown feature definitions: %#RX64\n", Caps.Features.AsUINT64));
645	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_CAPABILITY_FEATURES typedef. */
646
647	/*
648	* Check supported exception exit bitmap bits.
649	* We don't currently require this, so we just log failure.
650	*/
651	RT_ZERO(Caps);
652	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeExceptionExitBitmap, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
653	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
654	LogRel(("NEM: Supported exception exit bitmap: %#RX64\n", Caps.ExceptionExitBitmap));
655	else
656	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeExceptionExitBitmap failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
657	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
658
659	/*
660	* Check that the CPU vendor is supported.
661	*/
662	RT_ZERO(Caps);
663	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
664	if (FAILED(hrc))
665	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
666	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
667	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
668	switch (Caps.ProcessorVendor)
669	{
670	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_PROCESSOR_VENDOR typedef. */
671	case WHvProcessorVendorIntel:
672	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor", "%d - Intel", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
673	pVM->nem.s.enmCpuVendor = CPUMCPUVENDOR_INTEL;
674	break;
675	case WHvProcessorVendorAmd:
676	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor", "%d - AMD", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
677	pVM->nem.s.enmCpuVendor = CPUMCPUVENDOR_AMD;
678	break;
679	default:
680	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor", "%d", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
681	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Unknown processor vendor: %d", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
682	}
683
684	/*
685	* CPU features, guessing these are virtual CPU features?
686	*/
687	RT_ZERO(Caps);
688	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorFeatures, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
689	if (FAILED(hrc))
690	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
691	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorFeatures failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
692	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
693	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorFeatures", "%'#018RX64", Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64);
694	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(a_Field) NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB(#a_Field, Caps.ProcessorFeatures.a_Field)
695	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse3Support);
696	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(LahfSahfSupport);
697	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Ssse3Support);
698	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse4_1Support);
699	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse4_2Support);
700	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse4aSupport);
701	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(XopSupport);
702	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(PopCntSupport);
703	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Cmpxchg16bSupport);
704	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Altmovcr8Support);
705	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(LzcntSupport);
706	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(MisAlignSseSupport);
707	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(MmxExtSupport);
708	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Amd3DNowSupport);
709	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ExtendedAmd3DNowSupport);
710	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Page1GbSupport);
711	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(AesSupport);
712	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(PclmulqdqSupport);
713	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(PcidSupport);
714	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Fma4Support);
715	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(F16CSupport);
716	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdRandSupport);
717	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdWrFsGsSupport);
718	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(SmepSupport);
719	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(EnhancedFastStringSupport);
720	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Bmi1Support);
721	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Bmi2Support);
722	/* two reserved bits here, see below */
723	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(MovbeSupport);
724	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Npiep1Support);
725	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(DepX87FPUSaveSupport);
726	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdSeedSupport);
727	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(AdxSupport);
728	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(IntelPrefetchSupport);
729	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(SmapSupport);
730	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(HleSupport);
731	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RtmSupport);
732	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdtscpSupport);
733	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ClflushoptSupport);
734	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ClwbSupport);
735	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ShaSupport);
736	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(X87PointersSavedSupport);
737	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE
738	if (Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64 & (~(RT_BIT_64(43) - 1) \| RT_BIT_64(27) \| RT_BIT_64(28)))
739	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown CPU features: %#RX64\n", Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64));
740	pVM->nem.s.uCpuFeatures.u64 = Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64;
741	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_PROCESSOR_FEATURES typedef. */
742
743	/*
744	* The cache line flush size.
745	*/
746	RT_ZERO(Caps);
747	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorClFlushSize, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
748	if (FAILED(hrc))
749	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
750	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorClFlushSize failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
751	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
752	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorClFlushSize", "2^%u", Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize);
753	if (Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize < 8 && Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize > 9)
754	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Unsupported cache line flush size: %u", Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize);
755	pVM->nem.s.cCacheLineFlushShift = Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize;
756
757	/*
758	* See if they've added more properties that we're not aware of.
759	*/
760	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_CAPABILITY_CODE typedef. */
761	if (!IsDebuggerPresent()) /* Too noisy when in debugger, so skip. */
762	{
763	static const struct
764	{
765	uint32_t iMin, iMax; } s_aUnknowns[] =
766	{
767	{ 0x0004, 0x000f },
768	{ 0x1003, 0x100f },
769	{ 0x2000, 0x200f },
770	{ 0x3000, 0x300f },
771	{ 0x4000, 0x400f },
772	};
773	for (uint32_t j = 0; j < RT_ELEMENTS(s_aUnknowns); j++)
774	for (uint32_t i = s_aUnknowns[j].iMin; i <= s_aUnknowns[j].iMax; i++)
775	{
776	RT_ZERO(Caps);
777	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper((WHV_CAPABILITY_CODE)i, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
778	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
779	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown capability %#x returning: %.*Rhxs\n", i, sizeof(Caps), &Caps));
780	}
781	}
782
783	/*
784	* For proper operation, we require CPUID exits.
785	*/
786	if (!pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit)
787	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Missing required extended CPUID exit support");
788	if (!pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit)
789	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Missing required extended MSR exit support");
790	if (!pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit)
791	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Missing required extended exception exit support");
792
793	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX
794	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB_EX
795	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB
796	return VINF_SUCCESS;
797	}
798
799	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
800
801	/**
802	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.
803	*/
804	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
805	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_GetHvPartitionId(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
806	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
807	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
808	{
809	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
810	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
811	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
812	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
813	RT_NOREF(pvInput);
814
815	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvOutput), ("pvOutput=%p\n", pvOutput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
816	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == sizeof(HV_PARTITION_ID), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
817	(HV_PARTITION_ID )pvOutput = NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_ID;
818
819	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbInput = cbInput;
820	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbOutput = cbOutput;
821	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.uFunction = uFunction;
822
823	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
824	}
825
826
827	/**
828	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.
829	*/
830	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
831	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_GetPartitionProperty(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
832	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
833	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
834	{
835	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
836	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
837	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
838	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == sizeof(VID_PARTITION_PROPERTY_CODE), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
839	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
840	AssertLogRelMsgReturn((VID_PARTITION_PROPERTY_CODE )pvInput == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_PROPERTY_CODE,
841	("pvInput=%#x, expected %#x\n", (HV_PARTITION_PROPERTY_CODE *)pvInput,
842	NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_PROPERTY_CODE), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
843	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvOutput), ("pvOutput=%p\n", pvOutput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
844	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == sizeof(HV_PARTITION_PROPERTY), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
845	(HV_PARTITION_PROPERTY )pvOutput = NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_PROPERTY_VALUE;
846
847	g_IoCtlGetPartitionProperty.cbInput = cbInput;
848	g_IoCtlGetPartitionProperty.cbOutput = cbOutput;
849	g_IoCtlGetPartitionProperty.uFunction = uFunction;
850
851	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
852	}
853
854
855	/**
856	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.
857	*/
858	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
859	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StartVirtualProcessor(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
860	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
861	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
862	{
863	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
864	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
865	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
866	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == sizeof(HV_VP_INDEX), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
867	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
868	AssertLogRelMsgReturn((HV_VP_INDEX )pvInput == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
869	("piCpu=%u\n", (HV_VP_INDEX *)pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
870	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
871	RT_NOREF(pvOutput);
872
873	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbInput = cbInput;
874	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbOutput = cbOutput;
875	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction = uFunction;
876
877	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
878	}
879
880
881	/**
882	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.
883	*/
884	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
885	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StopVirtualProcessor(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
886	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
887	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
888	{
889	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
890	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
891	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
892	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == sizeof(HV_VP_INDEX), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
893	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
894	AssertLogRelMsgReturn((HV_VP_INDEX )pvInput == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
895	("piCpu=%u\n", (HV_VP_INDEX *)pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
896	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
897	RT_NOREF(pvOutput);
898
899	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbInput = cbInput;
900	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbOutput = cbOutput;
901	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction = uFunction;
902
903	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
904	}
905
906
907	/**
908	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext
909	*/
910	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
911	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_MessageSlotHandleAndGetNext(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
912	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
913	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
914	{
915	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
916	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
917	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
918
919	if (g_uBuildNo >= 17758)
920	{
921	/* No timeout since about build 17758, it's now always an infinite wait. So, a somewhat compatible change. */
922	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == RT_UOFFSETOF(VID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT, cMillies),
923	("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput),
924	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
925	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
926	PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT pVidIn = (PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT)pvInput;
927	AssertLogRelMsgReturn( pVidIn->iCpu == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX
928	&& pVidIn->fFlags == VID_MSHAGN_F_HANDLE_MESSAGE,
929	("iCpu=%u fFlags=%#x cMillies=%#x\n", pVidIn->iCpu, pVidIn->fFlags, pVidIn->cMillies),
930	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
931	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
932	}
933	else
934	{
935	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == sizeof(VID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput),
936	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
937	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
938	PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT pVidIn = (PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT)pvInput;
939	AssertLogRelMsgReturn( pVidIn->iCpu == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX
940	&& pVidIn->fFlags == VID_MSHAGN_F_HANDLE_MESSAGE
941	&& pVidIn->cMillies == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_TIMEOUT,
942	("iCpu=%u fFlags=%#x cMillies=%#x\n", pVidIn->iCpu, pVidIn->fFlags, pVidIn->cMillies),
943	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
944	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
945	RT_NOREF(pvOutput);
946	}
947
948	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbInput = cbInput;
949	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbOutput = cbOutput;
950	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction = uFunction;
951
952	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
953	}
954
955	/**
956	* Used to fill in what g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging points to.
957	*/
958	static NTSTATUS WINAPI nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
959	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
960	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
961	{
962	RT_NOREF(hFile, hEvt, pfnApcCallback, pvApcCtx, pIos, pvInput, pvOutput);
963
964	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput = cbInput;
965	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput = cbOutput;
966	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction = uFunction;
967
968	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
969	}
970
971	#endif /* LOG_ENABLED */
972
973	/**
974	* Worker for nemR3NativeInit that detect I/O control function numbers for VID.
975	*
976	* We use the function numbers directly in ring-0 and to name functions when
977	* logging NtDeviceIoControlFile calls.
978	*
979	* @note We could alternatively do this by disassembling the respective
980	* functions, but hooking NtDeviceIoControlFile and making fake calls
981	* more easily provides the desired information.
982	*
983	* @returns VBox status code.
984	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure. Will set I/O
985	* control info members.
986	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
987	*/
988	static int nemR3WinInitDiscoverIoControlProperties(PVM pVM, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
989	{
990	RT_NOREF(pVM, pErrInfo);
991
992	/*
993	* Probe the I/O control information for select VID APIs so we can use
994	* them directly from ring-0 and better log them.
995	*
996	*/
997	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
998	decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) * const pfnOrg = *g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile;
999
1000	/* VidGetHvPartitionId - must work due to our memory management. */
1001	BOOL fRet;
1002	if (g_pfnVidGetHvPartitionId)
1003	{
1004	HV_PARTITION_ID idHvPartition = HV_PARTITION_ID_INVALID;
1005	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_GetHvPartitionId;
1006	fRet = g_pfnVidGetHvPartitionId(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, &idHvPartition);
1007	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1008	AssertReturn(fRet && idHvPartition == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_ID && g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.uFunction != 0,
1009	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
1010	"Problem figuring out VidGetHvPartitionId: fRet=%u idHvPartition=%#x dwErr=%u",
1011	fRet, idHvPartition, GetLastError()) );
1012	LogRel(("NEM: VidGetHvPartitionId -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n",
1013	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.uFunction, g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbInput, g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbOutput));
1014	}
1015
1016	/* VidGetPartitionProperty - must work as it's fallback for VidGetHvPartitionId. */
1017	if (g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile)
1018	{
1019	HV_PARTITION_PROPERTY uPropValue = ~NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_PROPERTY_VALUE;
1020	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_GetPartitionProperty;
1021	fRet = g_pfnVidGetPartitionProperty(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_PROPERTY_CODE,
1022	&uPropValue);
1023	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1024	AssertReturn( fRet
1025	&& uPropValue == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_PROPERTY_VALUE
1026	&& g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.uFunction != 0,
1027	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
1028	"Problem figuring out VidGetPartitionProperty: fRet=%u uPropValue=%#x dwErr=%u",
1029	fRet, uPropValue, GetLastError()) );
1030	LogRel(("NEM: VidGetPartitionProperty -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n",
1031	g_IoCtlGetPartitionProperty.uFunction, g_IoCtlGetPartitionProperty.cbInput, g_IoCtlGetPartitionProperty.cbOutput));
1032	}
1033
1034	/* VidStartVirtualProcessor */
1035	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StartVirtualProcessor;
1036	fRet = g_pfnVidStartVirtualProcessor(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX);
1037	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1038	AssertStmt(fRet && g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction != 0,
1039	RTERRINFO_LOG_REL_SET_F(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_RING3_ONLY,
1040	"Problem figuring out VidStartVirtualProcessor: fRet=%u dwErr=%u", fRet, GetLastError()) );
1041	LogRel(("NEM: VidStartVirtualProcessor -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction,
1042	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbInput, g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbOutput));
1043
1044	/* VidStopVirtualProcessor */
1045	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StopVirtualProcessor;
1046	fRet = g_pfnVidStopVirtualProcessor(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX);
1047	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1048	AssertStmt(fRet && g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction != 0,
1049	RTERRINFO_LOG_REL_SET_F(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_RING3_ONLY,
1050	"Problem figuring out VidStopVirtualProcessor: fRet=%u dwErr=%u", fRet, GetLastError()) );
1051	LogRel(("NEM: VidStopVirtualProcessor -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction,
1052	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbInput, g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbOutput));
1053
1054	/* VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext */
1055	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_MessageSlotHandleAndGetNext;
1056	fRet = g_pfnVidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE,
1057	NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX, VID_MSHAGN_F_HANDLE_MESSAGE,
1058	NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_TIMEOUT);
1059	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1060	AssertStmt(fRet && g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction != 0,
1061	RTERRINFO_LOG_REL_SET_F(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_RING3_ONLY,
1062	"Problem figuring out VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext: fRet=%u dwErr=%u",
1063	fRet, GetLastError()) );
1064	LogRel(("NEM: VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n",
1065	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction, g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbInput,
1066	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbOutput));
1067
1068	/* The following are only for logging: */
1069	union
1070	{
1071	VID_MAPPED_MESSAGE_SLOT MapSlot;
1072	HV_REGISTER_NAME Name;
1073	HV_REGISTER_VALUE Value;
1074	} uBuf;
1075
1076	/* VidMessageSlotMap */
1077	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = &g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap;
1078	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging;
1079	fRet = g_pfnVidMessageSlotMap(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, &uBuf.MapSlot, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX);
1080	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1081	Assert(fRet);
1082	LogRel(("NEM: VidMessageSlotMap -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction,
1083	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput, g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput));
1084
1085	/* VidGetVirtualProcessorState */
1086	uBuf.Name = HvRegisterExplicitSuspend;
1087	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = &g_IoCtlGetVirtualProcessorState;
1088	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging;
1089	fRet = g_pfnVidGetVirtualProcessorState(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
1090	&uBuf.Name, 1, &uBuf.Value);
1091	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1092	Assert(fRet);
1093	LogRel(("NEM: VidGetVirtualProcessorState -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction,
1094	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput, g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput));
1095
1096	/* VidSetVirtualProcessorState */
1097	uBuf.Name = HvRegisterExplicitSuspend;
1098	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = &g_IoCtlSetVirtualProcessorState;
1099	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging;
1100	fRet = g_pfnVidSetVirtualProcessorState(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
1101	&uBuf.Name, 1, &uBuf.Value);
1102	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1103	Assert(fRet);
1104	LogRel(("NEM: VidSetVirtualProcessorState -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction,
1105	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput, g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput));
1106
1107	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = NULL;
1108	#endif /* LOG_ENABLED */
1109
1110	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1111	}
1112
1113
1114	/**
1115	* Creates and sets up a Hyper-V (exo) partition.
1116	*
1117	* @returns VBox status code.
1118	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1119	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
1120	*/
1121	static int nemR3WinInitCreatePartition(PVM pVM, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
1122	{
1123	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.hPartition, RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_WRONG_ORDER, "Wrong initalization order"));
1124	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice, RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_WRONG_ORDER, "Wrong initalization order"));
1125
1126	/*
1127	* Create the partition.
1128	*/
1129	WHV_PARTITION_HANDLE hPartition;
1130	HRESULT hrc = WHvCreatePartition(&hPartition);
1131	if (FAILED(hrc))
1132	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, "WHvCreatePartition failed with %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1133	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1134
1135	int rc;
1136
1137	/*
1138	* Set partition properties, most importantly the CPU count.
1139	*/
1140	/**
1141	* @todo Someone at Microsoft please explain another weird API:
1142	* - Why this API doesn't take the WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY_CODE value as an
1143	* argument rather than as part of the struct. That is so weird if you've
1144	* used any other NT or windows API, including WHvGetCapability().
1145	* - Why use PVOID when WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY is what's expected. We
1146	* technically only need 9 bytes for setting/getting
1147	* WHVPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize, but the API insists on 16. */
1148	WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY Property;
1149	RT_ZERO(Property);
1150	Property.ProcessorCount = pVM->cCpus;
1151	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorCount, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1152	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1153	{
1154	RT_ZERO(Property);
1155	Property.ExtendedVmExits.X64CpuidExit = pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit; /** @todo Register fixed results and restrict cpuid exits */
1156	Property.ExtendedVmExits.X64MsrExit = pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit;
1157	Property.ExtendedVmExits.ExceptionExit = pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit;
1158	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExtendedVmExits, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1159	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1160	{
1161	/*
1162	* We'll continue setup in nemR3NativeInitAfterCPUM.
1163	*/
1164	pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts = false;
1165	pVM->nem.s.hPartition = hPartition;
1166	LogRel(("NEM: Created partition %p.\n", hPartition));
1167	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1168	}
1169
1170	rc = RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED,
1171	"Failed setting WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExtendedVmExits to %'#RX64: %Rhrc",
1172	Property.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64, hrc);
1173	}
1174	else
1175	rc = RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED,
1176	"Failed setting WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorCount to %u: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1177	pVM->cCpus, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1178	WHvDeletePartition(hPartition);
1179
1180	Assert(!pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice);
1181	Assert(!pVM->nem.s.hPartition);
1182	return rc;
1183	}
1184
1185
1186	/**
1187	* Makes sure APIC and firmware will not allow X2APIC mode.
1188	*
1189	* This is rather ugly.
1190	*
1191	* @returns VBox status code
1192	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1193	*/
1194	static int nemR3WinDisableX2Apic(PVM pVM)
1195	{
1196	/*
1197	* First make sure the 'Mode' config value of the APIC isn't set to X2APIC.
1198	* This defaults to APIC, so no need to change unless it's X2APIC.
1199	*/
1200	PCFGMNODE pCfg = CFGMR3GetChild(CFGMR3GetRoot(pVM), "/Devices/apic/0/Config");
1201	if (pCfg)
1202	{
1203	uint8_t bMode = 0;
1204	int rc = CFGMR3QueryU8(pCfg, "Mode", &bMode);
1205	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_SUCCESS(rc) \|\| rc == VERR_CFGM_VALUE_NOT_FOUND, ("%Rrc\n", rc), rc);
1206	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc) && bMode == PDMAPICMODE_X2APIC)
1207	{
1208	LogRel(("NEM: Adjusting APIC configuration from X2APIC to APIC max mode. X2APIC is not supported by the WinHvPlatform API!\n"));
1209	LogRel(("NEM: Disable Hyper-V if you need X2APIC for your guests!\n"));
1210	rc = CFGMR3RemoveValue(pCfg, "Mode");
1211	rc = CFGMR3InsertInteger(pCfg, "Mode", PDMAPICMODE_APIC);
1212	AssertLogRelRCReturn(rc, rc);
1213	}
1214	}
1215
1216	/*
1217	* Now the firmwares.
1218	* These also defaults to APIC and only needs adjusting if configured to X2APIC (2).
1219	*/
1220	static const char * const s_apszFirmwareConfigs[] =
1221	{
1222	"/Devices/efi/0/Config",
1223	"/Devices/pcbios/0/Config",
1224	};
1225	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(s_apszFirmwareConfigs); i++)
1226	{
1227	pCfg = CFGMR3GetChild(CFGMR3GetRoot(pVM), "/Devices/APIC/0/Config");
1228	if (pCfg)
1229	{
1230	uint8_t bMode = 0;
1231	int rc = CFGMR3QueryU8(pCfg, "APIC", &bMode);
1232	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_SUCCESS(rc) \|\| rc == VERR_CFGM_VALUE_NOT_FOUND, ("%Rrc\n", rc), rc);
1233	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc) && bMode == 2)
1234	{
1235	LogRel(("NEM: Adjusting %s/Mode from 2 (X2APIC) to 1 (APIC).\n", s_apszFirmwareConfigs[i]));
1236	rc = CFGMR3RemoveValue(pCfg, "APIC");
1237	rc = CFGMR3InsertInteger(pCfg, "APIC", 1);
1238	AssertLogRelRCReturn(rc, rc);
1239	}
1240	}
1241	}
1242
1243	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1244	}
1245
1246
1247	/**
1248	* Try initialize the native API.
1249	*
1250	* This may only do part of the job, more can be done in
1251	* nemR3NativeInitAfterCPUM() and nemR3NativeInitCompleted().
1252	*
1253	* @returns VBox status code.
1254	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1255	* @param fFallback Whether we're in fallback mode or use-NEM mode. In
1256	* the latter we'll fail if we cannot initialize.
1257	* @param fForced Whether the HMForced flag is set and we should
1258	* fail if we cannot initialize.
1259	*/
1260	int nemR3NativeInit(PVM pVM, bool fFallback, bool fForced)
1261	{
1262	g_uBuildNo = RTSystemGetNtBuildNo();
1263
1264	/*
1265	* Some state init.
1266	*/
1267	#ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_A20
1268	pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled = true;
1269	#endif
1270	#if 0
1271	for (VMCPUID idCpu = 0; idCpu < pVM->cCpus; idCpu++)
1272	{
1273	PNEMCPU pNemCpu = &pVM->apCpusR3[idCpu]->nem.s;
1274	}
1275	#endif
1276
1277	/*
1278	* Error state.
1279	* The error message will be non-empty on failure and 'rc' will be set too.
1280	*/
1281	RTERRINFOSTATIC ErrInfo;
1282	PRTERRINFO pErrInfo = RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo);
1283	int rc = nemR3WinInitProbeAndLoad(fForced, pErrInfo);
1284	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1285	{
1286	/*
1287	* Check the capabilties of the hypervisor, starting with whether it's present.
1288	*/
1289	rc = nemR3WinInitCheckCapabilities(pVM, pErrInfo);
1290	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1291	{
1292	/*
1293	* Discover the VID I/O control function numbers we need (for interception
1294	* only these days).
1295	*/
1296	rc = nemR3WinInitDiscoverIoControlProperties(pVM, pErrInfo);
1297	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1298	{
1299	/*
1300	* Create and initialize a partition.
1301	*/
1302	rc = nemR3WinInitCreatePartition(pVM, pErrInfo);
1303	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1304	{
1305	/*
1306	* Set ourselves as the execution engine and make config adjustments.
1307	*/
1308	VM_SET_MAIN_EXECUTION_ENGINE(pVM, VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API);
1309	Log(("NEM: Marked active!\n"));
1310	nemR3WinDisableX2Apic(pVM);
1311	PGMR3EnableNemMode(pVM);
1312
1313	/*
1314	* Register release statistics
1315	*/
1316	STAMR3Register(pVM, (void *)&pVM->nem.s.cMappedPages, STAMTYPE_U32, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1317	"/NEM/PagesCurrentlyMapped", STAMUNIT_PAGES, "Number guest pages currently mapped by the VM");
1318	STAMR3Register(pVM, (void *)&pVM->nem.s.StatMapPage, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1319	"/NEM/PagesMapCalls", STAMUNIT_PAGES, "Calls to WHvMapGpaRange/HvCallMapGpaPages");
1320	STAMR3Register(pVM, (void *)&pVM->nem.s.StatMapPageFailed, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1321	"/NEM/PagesMapFails", STAMUNIT_PAGES, "Calls to WHvMapGpaRange/HvCallMapGpaPages that failed");
1322	STAMR3Register(pVM, (void *)&pVM->nem.s.StatUnmapPage, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1323	"/NEM/PagesUnmapCalls", STAMUNIT_PAGES, "Calls to WHvUnmapGpaRange/HvCallUnmapGpaPages");
1324	STAMR3Register(pVM, (void *)&pVM->nem.s.StatUnmapPageFailed, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1325	"/NEM/PagesUnmapFails", STAMUNIT_PAGES, "Calls to WHvUnmapGpaRange/HvCallUnmapGpaPages that failed");
1326	STAMR3Register(pVM, &pVM->nem.s.StatProfMapGpaRange, STAMTYPE_PROFILE, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1327	"/NEM/PagesMapGpaRange", STAMUNIT_TICKS_PER_CALL, "Profiling calls to WHvMapGpaRange for bigger stuff");
1328	STAMR3Register(pVM, &pVM->nem.s.StatProfUnmapGpaRange, STAMTYPE_PROFILE, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1329	"/NEM/PagesUnmapGpaRange", STAMUNIT_TICKS_PER_CALL, "Profiling calls to WHvUnmapGpaRange for bigger stuff");
1330	STAMR3Register(pVM, &pVM->nem.s.StatProfMapGpaRangePage, STAMTYPE_PROFILE, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1331	"/NEM/PagesMapGpaRangePage", STAMUNIT_TICKS_PER_CALL, "Profiling calls to WHvMapGpaRange for single pages");
1332	STAMR3Register(pVM, &pVM->nem.s.StatProfUnmapGpaRangePage, STAMTYPE_PROFILE, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1333	"/NEM/PagesUnmapGpaRangePage", STAMUNIT_TICKS_PER_CALL, "Profiling calls to WHvUnmapGpaRange for single pages");
1334
1335	for (VMCPUID idCpu = 0; idCpu < pVM->cCpus; idCpu++)
1336	{
1337	PNEMCPU pNemCpu = &pVM->apCpusR3[idCpu]->nem.s;
1338	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitPortIo, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of port I/O exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitPortIo", idCpu);
1339	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitMemUnmapped, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of unmapped memory exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitMemUnmapped", idCpu);
1340	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitMemIntercept, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of intercepted memory exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitMemIntercept", idCpu);
1341	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitHalt, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of HLT exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitHalt", idCpu);
1342	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitInterruptWindow, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of interrupt window exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitInterruptWindow", idCpu);
1343	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitCpuId, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of CPUID exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitCpuId", idCpu);
1344	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitMsr, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of MSR access exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitMsr", idCpu);
1345	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitException, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of exception exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitException", idCpu);
1346	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionBp, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of #BP exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionBp", idCpu);
1347	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionDb, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of #DB exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionDb", idCpu);
1348	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionGp, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of #GP exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionGp", idCpu);
1349	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionGpMesa, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of #GP exits from mesa driver", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionGpMesa", idCpu);
1350	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionUd, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of #UD exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionUd", idCpu);
1351	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionUdHandled, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of handled #UD exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionUdHandled", idCpu);
1352	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitUnrecoverable, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of unrecoverable exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitUnrecoverable", idCpu);
1353	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatGetMsgTimeout, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of get message timeouts/alerts", "/NEM/CPU%u/GetMsgTimeout", idCpu);
1354	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuSuccess, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of successful CPU stops", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuSuccess", idCpu);
1355	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuPending, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of pending CPU stops", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuPending", idCpu);
1356	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuPendingAlerts,STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of pending CPU stop alerts", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuPendingAlerts", idCpu);
1357	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuPendingOdd, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of odd pending CPU stops (see code)", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuPendingOdd", idCpu);
1358	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatCancelChangedState, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of cancel changed state", "/NEM/CPU%u/CancelChangedState", idCpu);
1359	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatCancelAlertedThread, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of cancel alerted EMT", "/NEM/CPU%u/CancelAlertedEMT", idCpu);
1360	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnFFPre, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of pre execution FF breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnFFPre", idCpu);
1361	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnFFPost, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of post execution FF breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnFFPost", idCpu);
1362	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnCancel, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of cancel execution breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnCancel", idCpu);
1363	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnStatus, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of status code breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnStatus", idCpu);
1364	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatImportOnDemand, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of on-demand state imports", "/NEM/CPU%u/ImportOnDemand", idCpu);
1365	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatImportOnReturn, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of state imports on loop return", "/NEM/CPU%u/ImportOnReturn", idCpu);
1366	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatImportOnReturnSkipped, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of skipped state imports on loop return", "/NEM/CPU%u/ImportOnReturnSkipped", idCpu);
1367	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatQueryCpuTick, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of TSC queries", "/NEM/CPU%u/QueryCpuTick", idCpu);
1368	}
1369
1370	if (!SUPR3IsDriverless())
1371	{
1372	PUVM pUVM = pVM->pUVM;
1373	STAMR3RegisterRefresh(pUVM, &pVM->nem.s.R0Stats.cPagesAvailable, STAMTYPE_U64, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1374	STAMUNIT_PAGES, STAM_REFRESH_GRP_NEM, "Free pages available to the hypervisor",
1375	"/NEM/R0Stats/cPagesAvailable");
1376	STAMR3RegisterRefresh(pUVM, &pVM->nem.s.R0Stats.cPagesInUse, STAMTYPE_U64, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1377	STAMUNIT_PAGES, STAM_REFRESH_GRP_NEM, "Pages in use by hypervisor",
1378	"/NEM/R0Stats/cPagesInUse");
1379	}
1380
1381	}
1382	}
1383	}
1384	}
1385
1386	/*
1387	* We only fail if in forced mode, otherwise just log the complaint and return.
1388	*/
1389	Assert(pVM->bMainExecutionEngine == VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API \|\| RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo));
1390	if ( (fForced \|\| !fFallback)
1391	&& pVM->bMainExecutionEngine != VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API)
1392	return VMSetError(pVM, RT_SUCCESS_NP(rc) ? VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE : rc, RT_SRC_POS, "%s", pErrInfo->pszMsg);
1393
1394	if (RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo))
1395	LogRel(("NEM: Not available: %s\n", pErrInfo->pszMsg));
1396	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1397	}
1398
1399
1400	/**
1401	* This is called after CPUMR3Init is done.
1402	*
1403	* @returns VBox status code.
1404	* @param pVM The VM handle..
1405	*/
1406	int nemR3NativeInitAfterCPUM(PVM pVM)
1407	{
1408	/*
1409	* Validate sanity.
1410	*/
1411	WHV_PARTITION_HANDLE hPartition = pVM->nem.s.hPartition;
1412	AssertReturn(hPartition != NULL, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1413	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1414	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1415	AssertReturn(pVM->bMainExecutionEngine == VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1416
1417	/*
1418	* Continue setting up the partition now that we've got most of the CPUID feature stuff.
1419	*/
1420	WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY Property;
1421	HRESULT hrc;
1422
1423	#if 0
1424	/* Not sure if we really need to set the vendor.
1425	Update: Apparently we don't. WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorVendor was removed in 17110. */
1426	RT_ZERO(Property);
1427	Property.ProcessorVendor = pVM->nem.s.enmCpuVendor == CPUMCPUVENDOR_AMD ? WHvProcessorVendorAmd
1428	: WHvProcessorVendorIntel;
1429	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorVendor, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1430	if (FAILED(hrc))
1431	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1432	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorVendor to %u: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1433	Property.ProcessorVendor, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1434	#endif
1435
1436	/* Not sure if we really need to set the cache line flush size. */
1437	RT_ZERO(Property);
1438	Property.ProcessorClFlushSize = pVM->nem.s.cCacheLineFlushShift;
1439	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1440	if (FAILED(hrc))
1441	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1442	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize to %u: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1443	pVM->nem.s.cCacheLineFlushShift, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1444
1445	/* Intercept #DB, #BP and #UD exceptions. */
1446	RT_ZERO(Property);
1447	Property.ExceptionExitBitmap = RT_BIT_64(WHvX64ExceptionTypeDebugTrapOrFault)
1448	\| RT_BIT_64(WHvX64ExceptionTypeBreakpointTrap)
1449	\| RT_BIT_64(WHvX64ExceptionTypeInvalidOpcodeFault);
1450
1451	/* Intercept #GP to workaround the buggy mesa vmwgfx driver. */
1452	PVMCPU pVCpu = pVM->apCpusR3[0]; /** @todo In theory per vCPU, in practice same for all. */
1453	if (pVCpu->nem.s.fTrapXcptGpForLovelyMesaDrv)
1454	Property.ExceptionExitBitmap \|= RT_BIT_64(WHvX64ExceptionTypeGeneralProtectionFault);
1455
1456	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExceptionExitBitmap, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1457	if (FAILED(hrc))
1458	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1459	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExceptionExitBitmap to %#RX64: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1460	Property.ExceptionExitBitmap, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1461
1462
1463	/*
1464	* Sync CPU features with CPUM.
1465	*/
1466	/** @todo sync CPU features with CPUM. */
1467
1468	/* Set the partition property. */
1469	RT_ZERO(Property);
1470	Property.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64 = pVM->nem.s.uCpuFeatures.u64;
1471	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorFeatures, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1472	if (FAILED(hrc))
1473	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1474	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorFeatures to %'#RX64: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1475	pVM->nem.s.uCpuFeatures.u64, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1476
1477	/*
1478	* Set up the partition.
1479	*
1480	* Seems like this is where the partition is actually instantiated and we get
1481	* a handle to it.
1482	*/
1483	hrc = WHvSetupPartition(hPartition);
1484	if (FAILED(hrc))
1485	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1486	"Call to WHvSetupPartition failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1487	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1488
1489	/*
1490	* Hysterical raisins: Get the handle (could also fish this out via VID.DLL NtDeviceIoControlFile intercepting).
1491	*/
1492	HANDLE hPartitionDevice;
1493	__try
1494	{
1495	hPartitionDevice = ((HANDLE *)hPartition)[1];
1496	if (!hPartitionDevice)
1497	hPartitionDevice = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
1498	}
1499	__except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
1500	{
1501	hrc = GetExceptionCode();
1502	hPartitionDevice = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
1503	}
1504
1505	/* Test the handle. */
1506	HV_PARTITION_PROPERTY uValue = 0;
1507	if ( g_pfnVidGetPartitionProperty
1508	&& hPartitionDevice != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
1509	&& !g_pfnVidGetPartitionProperty(hPartitionDevice, HvPartitionPropertyProcessorVendor, &uValue))
1510	hPartitionDevice = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
1511	LogRel(("NEM: HvPartitionPropertyProcessorVendor=%#llx (%lld)\n", uValue, uValue));
1512
1513	/*
1514	* More hysterical rasins: Get the partition ID if we can.
1515	*/
1516	HV_PARTITION_ID idHvPartition = HV_PARTITION_ID_INVALID;
1517	if ( g_pfnVidGetHvPartitionId
1518	&& hPartitionDevice != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
1519	&& !g_pfnVidGetHvPartitionId(hPartitionDevice, &idHvPartition))
1520	{
1521	idHvPartition = HV_PARTITION_ID_INVALID;
1522	Log(("NEM: VidGetHvPartitionId failed: %#x\n", GetLastError()));
1523	}
1524	pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice = hPartitionDevice;
1525
1526	/*
1527	* Setup the EMTs.
1528	*/
1529	for (VMCPUID idCpu = 0; idCpu < pVM->cCpus; idCpu++)
1530	{
1531	pVCpu = pVM->apCpusR3[idCpu];
1532
1533	hrc = WHvCreateVirtualProcessor(hPartition, idCpu, 0 /fFlags/);
1534	if (FAILED(hrc))
1535	{
1536	NTSTATUS const rcNtLast = RTNtLastStatusValue();
1537	DWORD const dwErrLast = RTNtLastErrorValue();
1538	while (idCpu-- > 0)
1539	{
1540	HRESULT hrc2 = WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(hPartition, idCpu);
1541	AssertLogRelMsg(SUCCEEDED(hrc2), ("WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(%p, %u) -> %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)\n",
1542	hPartition, idCpu, hrc2, RTNtLastStatusValue(),
1543	RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1544	}
1545	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1546	"Call to WHvCreateVirtualProcessor failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)", hrc, rcNtLast, dwErrLast);
1547	}
1548	}
1549	pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts = true;
1550
1551	LogRel(("NEM: Successfully set up partition (device handle %p, partition ID %#llx)\n", hPartitionDevice, idHvPartition));
1552
1553	/*
1554	* Any hyper-v statistics we can get at now? HvCallMapStatsPage isn't accessible any more.
1555	*/
1556	/** @todo stats */
1557
1558	/*
1559	* Adjust features.
1560	* Note! We've already disabled X2APIC via CFGM during the first init call.
1561	*/
1562	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1563	}
1564
1565
1566	int nemR3NativeInitCompleted(PVM pVM, VMINITCOMPLETED enmWhat)
1567	{
1568	//BOOL fRet = SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), 0);
1569	//AssertLogRel(fRet);
1570
1571	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(enmWhat);
1572	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1573	}
1574
1575
1576	int nemR3NativeTerm(PVM pVM)
1577	{
1578	/*
1579	* Delete the partition.
1580	*/
1581	WHV_PARTITION_HANDLE hPartition = pVM->nem.s.hPartition;
1582	pVM->nem.s.hPartition = NULL;
1583	pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice = NULL;
1584	if (hPartition != NULL)
1585	{
1586	VMCPUID idCpu = pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts ? pVM->cCpus : 0;
1587	LogRel(("NEM: Destroying partition %p with its %u VCpus...\n", hPartition, idCpu));
1588	while (idCpu-- > 0)
1589	{
1590	PVMCPU pVCpu = pVM->apCpusR3[idCpu];
1591	pVCpu->nem.s.pvMsgSlotMapping = NULL;
1592	HRESULT hrc = WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(hPartition, idCpu);
1593	AssertLogRelMsg(SUCCEEDED(hrc), ("WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(%p, %u) -> %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)\n",
1594	hPartition, idCpu, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(),
1595	RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1596	}
1597	WHvDeletePartition(hPartition);
1598	}
1599	pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts = false;
1600	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1601	}
1602
1603
1604	/**
1605	* VM reset notification.
1606	*
1607	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1608	*/
1609	void nemR3NativeReset(PVM pVM)
1610	{
1611	#if 0
1612	/* Unfix the A20 gate. */
1613	pVM->nem.s.fA20Fixed = false;
1614	#else
1615	RT_NOREF(pVM);
1616	#endif
1617	}
1618
1619
1620	/**
1621	* Reset CPU due to INIT IPI or hot (un)plugging.
1622	*
1623	* @param pVCpu The cross context virtual CPU structure of the CPU being
1624	* reset.
1625	* @param fInitIpi Whether this is the INIT IPI or hot (un)plugging case.
1626	*/
1627	void nemR3NativeResetCpu(PVMCPU pVCpu, bool fInitIpi)
1628	{
1629	#ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_A20
1630	/* Lock the A20 gate if INIT IPI, make sure it's enabled. */
1631	if (fInitIpi && pVCpu->idCpu > 0)
1632	{
1633	PVM pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);
1634	if (!pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled)
1635	nemR3NativeNotifySetA20(pVCpu, true);
1636	pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled = true;
1637	pVM->nem.s.fA20Fixed = true;
1638	}
1639	#else
1640	RT_NOREF(pVCpu, fInitIpi);
1641	#endif
1642	}
1643
1644
1645	VBOXSTRICTRC nemR3NativeRunGC(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu)
1646	{
1647	return nemHCWinRunGC(pVM, pVCpu);
1648	}
1649
1650
1651	VMMR3_INT_DECL(bool) NEMR3CanExecuteGuest(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu)
1652	{
1653	Assert(VM_IS_NEM_ENABLED(pVM));
1654
1655	#ifndef NEM_WIN_WITH_A20
1656	/*
1657	* Only execute when the A20 gate is enabled because this lovely Hyper-V
1658	* blackbox does not seem to have any way to enable or disable A20.
1659	*/
1660	RT_NOREF(pVM);
1661	return PGMPhysIsA20Enabled(pVCpu);
1662	#else
1663	RT_NOREF(pVM, pVCpu);
1664	return true;
1665	#endif
1666	}
1667
1668
1669	bool nemR3NativeSetSingleInstruction(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, bool fEnable)
1670	{
1671	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(pVCpu); NOREF(fEnable);
1672	return false;
1673	}
1674
1675
1676	void nemR3NativeNotifyFF(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, uint32_t fFlags)
1677	{
1678	Log8(("nemR3NativeNotifyFF: canceling %u\n", pVCpu->idCpu));
1679	HRESULT hrc = WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, pVCpu->idCpu, 0);
1680	AssertMsg(SUCCEEDED(hrc), ("WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor -> hrc=%Rhrc\n", hrc));
1681	RT_NOREF_PV(hrc);
1682	RT_NOREF_PV(fFlags);
1683	}
1684
1685
1686	DECLHIDDEN(bool) nemR3NativeNotifyDebugEventChanged(PVM pVM, bool fUseDebugLoop)
1687	{
1688	RT_NOREF(pVM, fUseDebugLoop);
1689	return false;
1690	}
1691
1692
1693	DECLHIDDEN(bool) nemR3NativeNotifyDebugEventChangedPerCpu(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, bool fUseDebugLoop)
1694	{
1695	RT_NOREF(pVM, pVCpu, fUseDebugLoop);
1696	return false;
1697	}
1698
1699
1700	DECLINLINE(int) nemR3NativeGCPhys2R3PtrReadOnly(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, const void **ppv)
1701	{
1702	PGMPAGEMAPLOCK Lock;
1703	int rc = PGMPhysGCPhys2CCPtrReadOnly(pVM, GCPhys, ppv, &Lock);
1704	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1705	PGMPhysReleasePageMappingLock(pVM, &Lock);
1706	return rc;
1707	}
1708
1709
1710	DECLINLINE(int) nemR3NativeGCPhys2R3PtrWriteable(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, void **ppv)
1711	{
1712	PGMPAGEMAPLOCK Lock;
1713	int rc = PGMPhysGCPhys2CCPtr(pVM, GCPhys, ppv, &Lock);
1714	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1715	PGMPhysReleasePageMappingLock(pVM, &Lock);
1716	return rc;
1717	}
1718
1719
1720	VMMR3_INT_DECL(int) NEMR3NotifyPhysRamRegister(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, void *pvR3,
1721	uint8_t pu2State, uint32_t puNemRange)
1722	{
1723	Log5(("NEMR3NotifyPhysRamRegister: %RGp LB %RGp, pvR3=%p pu2State=%p (%d) puNemRange=%p (%d)\n",
1724	GCPhys, cb, pvR3, pu2State, pu2State, puNemRange, *puNemRange));
1725
1726	*pu2State = UINT8_MAX;
1727	RT_NOREF(puNemRange);
1728
1729	if (pvR3)
1730	{
1731	STAM_REL_PROFILE_START(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfMapGpaRange, a);
1732	HRESULT hrc = WHvMapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, pvR3, GCPhys, cb,
1733	WHvMapGpaRangeFlagRead \| WHvMapGpaRangeFlagWrite \| WHvMapGpaRangeFlagExecute);
1734	STAM_REL_PROFILE_STOP(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfMapGpaRange, a);
1735	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1736	*pu2State = NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_WRITABLE;
1737	else
1738	{
1739	LogRel(("NEMR3NotifyPhysRamRegister: GCPhys=%RGp LB %RGp pvR3=%p hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1740	GCPhys, cb, pvR3, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1741	STAM_REL_COUNTER_INC(&pVM->nem.s.StatMapPageFailed);
1742	return VERR_NEM_MAP_PAGES_FAILED;
1743	}
1744	}
1745	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1746	}
1747
1748
1749	VMMR3_INT_DECL(bool) NEMR3IsMmio2DirtyPageTrackingSupported(PVM pVM)
1750	{
1751	RT_NOREF(pVM);
1752	return g_pfnWHvQueryGpaRangeDirtyBitmap != NULL;
1753	}
1754
1755
1756	VMMR3_INT_DECL(int) NEMR3NotifyPhysMmioExMapEarly(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t fFlags,
1757	void pvRam, void pvMmio2, uint8_t pu2State, uint32_t puNemRange)
1758	{
1759	Log5(("NEMR3NotifyPhysMmioExMapEarly: %RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x pvRam=%p pvMmio2=%p pu2State=%p (%d) puNemRange=%p (%#x)\n",
1760	GCPhys, cb, fFlags, pvRam, pvMmio2, pu2State, pu2State, puNemRange, puNemRange ? puNemRange : UINT32_MAX));
1761	RT_NOREF(puNemRange);
1762
1763	/*
1764	* Unmap the RAM we're replacing.
1765	*/
1766	if (fFlags & NEM_NOTIFY_PHYS_MMIO_EX_F_REPLACE)
1767	{
1768	STAM_REL_PROFILE_START(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfUnmapGpaRange, a);
1769	HRESULT hrc = WHvUnmapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, GCPhys, cb);
1770	STAM_REL_PROFILE_STOP(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfUnmapGpaRange, a);
1771	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1772	{ /* likely */ }
1773	else if (pvMmio2)
1774	LogRel(("NEMR3NotifyPhysMmioExMapEarly: GCPhys=%RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x: Unmap -> hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u (ignored)\n",
1775	GCPhys, cb, fFlags, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1776	else
1777	{
1778	LogRel(("NEMR3NotifyPhysMmioExMapEarly: GCPhys=%RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x: Unmap -> hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1779	GCPhys, cb, fFlags, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1780	STAM_REL_COUNTER_INC(&pVM->nem.s.StatUnmapPageFailed);
1781	return VERR_NEM_UNMAP_PAGES_FAILED;
1782	}
1783	}
1784
1785	/*
1786	* Map MMIO2 if any.
1787	*/
1788	if (pvMmio2)
1789	{
1790	Assert(fFlags & NEM_NOTIFY_PHYS_MMIO_EX_F_MMIO2);
1791	WHV_MAP_GPA_RANGE_FLAGS fWHvFlags = WHvMapGpaRangeFlagRead \| WHvMapGpaRangeFlagWrite \| WHvMapGpaRangeFlagExecute;
1792	if ((fFlags & NEM_NOTIFY_PHYS_MMIO_EX_F_TRACK_DIRTY_PAGES) && g_pfnWHvQueryGpaRangeDirtyBitmap)
1793	fWHvFlags \|= WHvMapGpaRangeFlagTrackDirtyPages;
1794	STAM_REL_PROFILE_START(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfMapGpaRange, a);
1795	HRESULT hrc = WHvMapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, pvMmio2, GCPhys, cb, fWHvFlags);
1796	STAM_REL_PROFILE_STOP(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfMapGpaRange, a);
1797	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1798	*pu2State = NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_WRITABLE;
1799	else
1800	{
1801	LogRel(("NEMR3NotifyPhysMmioExMapEarly: GCPhys=%RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x pvMmio2=%p fWHvFlags=%#x: Map -> hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1802	GCPhys, cb, fFlags, pvMmio2, fWHvFlags, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1803	STAM_REL_COUNTER_INC(&pVM->nem.s.StatMapPageFailed);
1804	return VERR_NEM_MAP_PAGES_FAILED;
1805	}
1806	}
1807	else
1808	{
1809	Assert(!(fFlags & NEM_NOTIFY_PHYS_MMIO_EX_F_MMIO2));
1810	*pu2State = NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_UNMAPPED;
1811	}
1812	RT_NOREF(pvRam);
1813	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1814	}
1815
1816
1817	VMMR3_INT_DECL(int) NEMR3NotifyPhysMmioExMapLate(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t fFlags,
1818	void pvRam, void pvMmio2, uint32_t *puNemRange)
1819	{
1820	RT_NOREF(pVM, GCPhys, cb, fFlags, pvRam, pvMmio2, puNemRange);
1821	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1822	}
1823
1824
1825	VMMR3_INT_DECL(int) NEMR3NotifyPhysMmioExUnmap(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t fFlags, void *pvRam,
1826	void pvMmio2, uint8_t pu2State, uint32_t *puNemRange)
1827	{
1828	int rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
1829	Log5(("NEMR3NotifyPhysMmioExUnmap: %RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x pvRam=%p pvMmio2=%p pu2State=%p uNemRange=%#x (%#x)\n",
1830	GCPhys, cb, fFlags, pvRam, pvMmio2, pu2State, puNemRange, *puNemRange));
1831
1832	/*
1833	* Unmap the MMIO2 pages.
1834	*/
1835	/** @todo If we implement aliasing (MMIO2 page aliased into MMIO range),
1836	* we may have more stuff to unmap even in case of pure MMIO... */
1837	if (fFlags & NEM_NOTIFY_PHYS_MMIO_EX_F_MMIO2)
1838	{
1839	STAM_REL_PROFILE_START(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfUnmapGpaRange, a);
1840	HRESULT hrc = WHvUnmapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, GCPhys, cb);
1841	STAM_REL_PROFILE_STOP(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfUnmapGpaRange, a);
1842	if (FAILED(hrc))
1843	{
1844	LogRel2(("NEMR3NotifyPhysMmioExUnmap: GCPhys=%RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x: Unmap -> hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u (ignored)\n",
1845	GCPhys, cb, fFlags, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1846	rc = VERR_NEM_UNMAP_PAGES_FAILED;
1847	STAM_REL_COUNTER_INC(&pVM->nem.s.StatUnmapPageFailed);
1848	}
1849	}
1850
1851	/*
1852	* Restore the RAM we replaced.
1853	*/
1854	if (fFlags & NEM_NOTIFY_PHYS_MMIO_EX_F_REPLACE)
1855	{
1856	AssertPtr(pvRam);
1857	STAM_REL_PROFILE_START(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfMapGpaRange, a);
1858	HRESULT hrc = WHvMapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, pvRam, GCPhys, cb,
1859	WHvMapGpaRangeFlagRead \| WHvMapGpaRangeFlagWrite \| WHvMapGpaRangeFlagExecute);
1860	STAM_REL_PROFILE_STOP(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfMapGpaRange, a);
1861	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1862	{ /* likely */ }
1863	else
1864	{
1865	LogRel(("NEMR3NotifyPhysMmioExUnmap: GCPhys=%RGp LB %RGp pvMmio2=%p hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1866	GCPhys, cb, pvMmio2, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1867	rc = VERR_NEM_MAP_PAGES_FAILED;
1868	STAM_REL_COUNTER_INC(&pVM->nem.s.StatMapPageFailed);
1869	}
1870	if (pu2State)
1871	*pu2State = NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_WRITABLE;
1872	}
1873	/* Mark the pages as unmapped if relevant. */
1874	else if (pu2State)
1875	*pu2State = NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_UNMAPPED;
1876
1877	RT_NOREF(pvMmio2, puNemRange);
1878	return rc;
1879	}
1880
1881
1882	VMMR3_INT_DECL(int) NEMR3PhysMmio2QueryAndResetDirtyBitmap(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t uNemRange,
1883	void *pvBitmap, size_t cbBitmap)
1884	{
1885	Assert(VM_IS_NEM_ENABLED(pVM));
1886	AssertReturn(g_pfnWHvQueryGpaRangeDirtyBitmap, VERR_INTERNAL_ERROR_2);
1887	Assert(cbBitmap == (uint32_t)cbBitmap);
1888	RT_NOREF(uNemRange);
1889
1890	/* This is being profiled by PGM, see /PGM/Mmio2QueryAndResetDirtyBitmap. */
1891	HRESULT hrc = WHvQueryGpaRangeDirtyBitmap(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, GCPhys, cb, (UINT64 *)pvBitmap, (uint32_t)cbBitmap);
1892	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1893	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1894
1895	AssertLogRelMsgFailed(("GCPhys=%RGp LB %RGp pvBitmap=%p LB %#zx hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1896	GCPhys, cb, pvBitmap, cbBitmap, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1897	return VERR_NEM_QUERY_DIRTY_BITMAP_FAILED;
1898	}
1899
1900
1901	VMMR3_INT_DECL(int) NEMR3NotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, void *pvPages, uint32_t fFlags,
1902	uint8_t pu2State, uint32_t puNemRange)
1903	{
1904	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly: %RGp LB %RGp pvPages=%p fFlags=%#x\n", GCPhys, cb, pvPages, fFlags));
1905	*pu2State = UINT8_MAX;
1906	*puNemRange = 0;
1907
1908	#if 0 /* Let's not do this after all. We'll protection change notifications for each page and if not we'll map them lazily. */
1909	RTGCPHYS const cPages = cb >> X86_PAGE_SHIFT;
1910	for (RTGCPHYS iPage = 0; iPage < cPages; iPage++, GCPhys += X86_PAGE_SIZE)
1911	{
1912	const void *pvPage;
1913	int rc = nemR3NativeGCPhys2R3PtrReadOnly(pVM, GCPhys, &pvPage);
1914	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1915	{
1916	HRESULT hrc = WHvMapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, (void *)pvPage, GCPhys, X86_PAGE_SIZE,
1917	WHvMapGpaRangeFlagRead \| WHvMapGpaRangeFlagExecute);
1918	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1919	{ /* likely */ }
1920	else
1921	{
1922	LogRel(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly: GCPhys=%RGp hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1923	GCPhys, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1924	return VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED;
1925	}
1926	}
1927	else
1928	{
1929	LogRel(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly: GCPhys=%RGp rc=%Rrc\n", GCPhys, rc));
1930	return rc;
1931	}
1932	}
1933	RT_NOREF_PV(fFlags);
1934	#else
1935	RT_NOREF(pVM, GCPhys, cb, pvPages, fFlags);
1936	#endif
1937	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1938	}
1939
1940
1941	VMMR3_INT_DECL(int) NEMR3NotifyPhysRomRegisterLate(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, void *pvPages,
1942	uint32_t fFlags, uint8_t pu2State, uint32_t puNemRange)
1943	{
1944	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterLate: %RGp LB %RGp pvPages=%p fFlags=%#x pu2State=%p (%d) puNemRange=%p (%#x)\n",
1945	GCPhys, cb, pvPages, fFlags, pu2State, pu2State, puNemRange, puNemRange));
1946	*pu2State = UINT8_MAX;
1947
1948	/*
1949	* (Re-)map readonly.
1950	*/
1951	AssertPtrReturn(pvPages, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
1952	STAM_REL_PROFILE_START(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfMapGpaRange, a);
1953	HRESULT hrc = WHvMapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, pvPages, GCPhys, cb, WHvMapGpaRangeFlagRead \| WHvMapGpaRangeFlagExecute);
1954	STAM_REL_PROFILE_STOP(&pVM->nem.s.StatProfMapGpaRange, a);
1955	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1956	*pu2State = NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_READABLE;
1957	else
1958	{
1959	LogRel(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly: GCPhys=%RGp LB %RGp pvPages=%p fFlags=%#x hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1960	GCPhys, cb, pvPages, fFlags, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1961	STAM_REL_COUNTER_INC(&pVM->nem.s.StatMapPageFailed);
1962	return VERR_NEM_MAP_PAGES_FAILED;
1963	}
1964	RT_NOREF(fFlags, puNemRange);
1965	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1966	}
1967
1968	#ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_A20
1969
1970	/**
1971	* @callback_method_impl{FNPGMPHYSNEMCHECKPAGE}
1972	*/
1973	static DECLCALLBACK(int) nemR3WinUnsetForA20CheckerCallback(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, RTGCPHYS GCPhys,
1974	PPGMPHYSNEMPAGEINFO pInfo, void *pvUser)
1975	{
1976	/* We'll just unmap the memory. */
1977	if (pInfo->u2NemState > NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_UNMAPPED)
1978	{
1979	HRESULT hrc = WHvUnmapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, GCPhys, X86_PAGE_SIZE);
1980	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1981	{
1982	STAM_REL_COUNTER_INC(&pVM->nem.s.StatUnmapPage);
1983	uint32_t cMappedPages = ASMAtomicDecU32(&pVM->nem.s.cMappedPages); NOREF(cMappedPages);
1984	Log5(("NEM GPA unmapped/A20: %RGp (was %s, cMappedPages=%u)\n", GCPhys, g_apszPageStates[pInfo->u2NemState], cMappedPages));
1985	pInfo->u2NemState = NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_UNMAPPED;
1986	}
1987	else
1988	{
1989	STAM_REL_COUNTER_INC(&pVM->nem.s.StatUnmapPageFailed);
1990	LogRel(("nemR3WinUnsetForA20CheckerCallback/unmap: GCPhys=%RGp hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1991	GCPhys, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1992	return VERR_INTERNAL_ERROR_2;
1993	}
1994	}
1995	RT_NOREF(pVCpu, pvUser);
1996	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1997	}
1998
1999
2000	/**
2001	* Unmaps a page from Hyper-V for the purpose of emulating A20 gate behavior.
2002	*
2003	* @returns The PGMPhysNemQueryPageInfo result.
2004	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
2005	* @param pVCpu The cross context virtual CPU structure.
2006	* @param GCPhys The page to unmap.
2007	*/
2008	static int nemR3WinUnmapPageForA20Gate(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, RTGCPHYS GCPhys)
2009	{
2010	PGMPHYSNEMPAGEINFO Info;
2011	return PGMPhysNemPageInfoChecker(pVM, pVCpu, GCPhys, false /fMakeWritable/, &Info,
2012	nemR3WinUnsetForA20CheckerCallback, NULL);
2013	}
2014
2015	#endif /* NEM_WIN_WITH_A20 */
2016
2017	VMMR3_INT_DECL(void) NEMR3NotifySetA20(PVMCPU pVCpu, bool fEnabled)
2018	{
2019	Log(("nemR3NativeNotifySetA20: fEnabled=%RTbool\n", fEnabled));
2020	Assert(VM_IS_NEM_ENABLED(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM)));
2021	#ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_A20
2022	PVM pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);
2023	if (!pVM->nem.s.fA20Fixed)
2024	{
2025	pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled = fEnabled;
2026	for (RTGCPHYS GCPhys = _1M; GCPhys < _1M + _64K; GCPhys += X86_PAGE_SIZE)
2027	nemR3WinUnmapPageForA20Gate(pVM, pVCpu, GCPhys);
2028	}
2029	#else
2030	RT_NOREF(pVCpu, fEnabled);
2031	#endif
2032	}
2033
2034
2035	/** @page pg_nem_win NEM/win - Native Execution Manager, Windows.
2036	*
2037	* On Windows the Hyper-V root partition (dom0 in zen terminology) does not have
2038	* nested VT-x or AMD-V capabilities. Early on raw-mode worked inside it, but
2039	* for a while now we've been getting \#GPs when trying to modify CR4 in the
2040	* world switcher. So, when Hyper-V is active on Windows we have little choice
2041	* but to use Hyper-V to run our VMs.
2042	*
2043	*
2044	* @section sub_nem_win_whv The WinHvPlatform API
2045	*
2046	* Since Windows 10 build 17083 there is a documented API for managing Hyper-V
2047	* VMs: header file WinHvPlatform.h and implementation in WinHvPlatform.dll.
2048	* This interface is a wrapper around the undocumented Virtualization
2049	* Infrastructure Driver (VID) API - VID.DLL and VID.SYS. The wrapper is
2050	* written in C++, namespaced, early versions (at least) was using standard C++
2051	* container templates in several places.
2052	*
2053	* When creating a VM using WHvCreatePartition, it will only create the
2054	* WinHvPlatform structures for it, to which you get an abstract pointer. The
2055	* VID API that actually creates the partition is first engaged when you call
2056	* WHvSetupPartition after first setting a lot of properties using
2057	* WHvSetPartitionProperty. Since the VID API is just a very thin wrapper
2058	* around CreateFile and NtDeviceIoControlFile, it returns an actual HANDLE for
2059	* the partition to WinHvPlatform. We fish this HANDLE out of the WinHvPlatform
2060	* partition structures because we need to talk directly to VID for reasons
2061	* we'll get to in a bit. (Btw. we could also intercept the CreateFileW or
2062	* NtDeviceIoControlFile calls from VID.DLL to get the HANDLE should fishing in
2063	* the partition structures become difficult.)
2064	*
2065	* The WinHvPlatform API requires us to both set the number of guest CPUs before
2066	* setting up the partition and call WHvCreateVirtualProcessor for each of them.
2067	* The CPU creation function boils down to a VidMessageSlotMap call that sets up
2068	* and maps a message buffer into ring-3 for async communication with hyper-V
2069	* and/or the VID.SYS thread actually running the CPU thru
2070	* WinHvRunVpDispatchLoop(). When for instance a VMEXIT is encountered, hyper-V
2071	* sends a message that the WHvRunVirtualProcessor API retrieves (and later
2072	* acknowledges) via VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext. Since or about build
2073	* 17757 a register page is also mapped into user space when creating the
2074	* virtual CPU. It should be noteded that WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor doesn't do
2075	* much as there seems to be no partner function VidMessagesSlotMap that
2076	* reverses what it did.
2077	*
2078	* Memory is managed thru calls to WHvMapGpaRange and WHvUnmapGpaRange (GPA does
2079	* not mean grade point average here, but rather guest physical addressspace),
2080	* which corresponds to VidCreateVaGpaRangeSpecifyUserVa and VidDestroyGpaRange
2081	* respectively. As 'UserVa' indicates, the functions works on user process
2082	* memory. The mappings are also subject to quota restrictions, so the number
2083	* of ranges are limited and probably their total size as well. Obviously
2084	* VID.SYS keeps track of the ranges, but so does WinHvPlatform, which means
2085	* there is a bit of overhead involved and quota restrctions makes sense.
2086	*
2087	* Running guest code is done through the WHvRunVirtualProcessor function. It
2088	* asynchronously starts or resumes hyper-V CPU execution and then waits for an
2089	* VMEXIT message. Hyper-V / VID.SYS will return information about the message
2090	* in the message buffer mapping, and WHvRunVirtualProcessor will convert that
2091	* finto it's own WHV_RUN_VP_EXIT_CONTEXT format.
2092	*
2093	* Other threads can interrupt the execution by using WHvCancelVirtualProcessor,
2094	* which since or about build 17757 uses VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext to do
2095	* the work (earlier builds would open the waiting thread, do a dummy
2096	* QueueUserAPC on it, and let it upon return use VidStopVirtualProcessor to
2097	* do the actual stopping). While there is certainly a race between cancelation
2098	* and the CPU causing a natural VMEXIT, it is not known whether this still
2099	* causes extra work on subsequent WHvRunVirtualProcessor calls (it did in and
2100	* earlier than 17134).
2101	*
2102	* Registers are retrieved and set via WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters and
2103	* WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters. In addition, several VMEXITs include
2104	* essential register state in the exit context information, potentially making
2105	* it possible to emulate the instruction causing the exit without involving
2106	* WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters.
2107	*
2108	*
2109	* @subsection subsec_nem_win_whv_cons Issues & Feedback
2110	*
2111	* Here are some observations (mostly against build 17101):
2112	*
2113	* - The VMEXIT performance is dismal (build 17134).
2114	*
2115	* Our proof of concept implementation with a kernel runloop (i.e. not using
2116	* WHvRunVirtualProcessor and friends, but calling VID.SYS fast I/O control
2117	* entry point directly) delivers 9-10% of the port I/O performance and only
2118	* 6-7% of the MMIO performance that we have with our own hypervisor.
2119	*
2120	* When using the offical WinHvPlatform API, the numbers are %3 for port I/O
2121	* and 5% for MMIO.
2122	*
2123	* While the tests we've done are using tight tight loops only doing port I/O
2124	* and MMIO, the problem is clearly visible when running regular guest OSes.
2125	* Anything that hammers the VGA device would be suffering, for example:
2126	*
2127	* - Windows 2000 boot screen animation overloads us with MMIO exits
2128	* and won't even boot because all the time is spent in interrupt
2129	* handlers and redrawin the screen.
2130	*
2131	* - DSL 4.4 and its bootmenu logo is slower than molasses in january.
2132	*
2133	* We have not found a workaround for this yet.
2134	*
2135	* Something that might improve the issue a little is to detect blocks with
2136	* excessive MMIO and port I/O exits and emulate instructions to cover
2137	* multiple exits before letting Hyper-V have a go at the guest execution
2138	* again. This will only improve the situation under some circumstances,
2139	* since emulating instructions without recompilation can be expensive, so
2140	* there will only be real gains if the exitting instructions are tightly
2141	* packed.
2142	*
2143	* Update: Security fixes during the summer of 2018 caused the performance to
2144	* dropped even more.
2145	*
2146	* Update [build 17757]: Some performance improvements here, but they don't
2147	* yet make up for what was lost this summer.
2148	*
2149	*
2150	* - We need a way to directly modify the TSC offset (or bias if you like).
2151	*
2152	* The current approach of setting the WHvX64RegisterTsc register one by one
2153	* on each virtual CPU in sequence will introduce random inaccuracies,
2154	* especially if the thread doing the job is reschduled at a bad time.
2155	*
2156	*
2157	* - Unable to access WHvX64RegisterMsrMtrrCap (build 17134).
2158	*
2159	*
2160	* - On AMD Ryzen grub/debian 9.0 ends up with a unrecoverable exception
2161	* when IA32_MTRR_PHYSMASK0 is written.
2162	*
2163	*
2164	* - The IA32_APIC_BASE register does not work right:
2165	*
2166	* - Attempts by the guest to clear bit 11 (EN) are ignored, both the
2167	* guest and the VMM reads back the old value.
2168	*
2169	* - Attempts to modify the base address (bits NN:12) seems to be ignored
2170	* in the same way.
2171	*
2172	* - The VMM can modify both the base address as well as the the EN and
2173	* BSP bits, however this is useless if we cannot intercept the WRMSR.
2174	*
2175	* - Attempts by the guest to set the EXTD bit (X2APIC) result in \#GP(0),
2176	* while the VMM ends up with with ERROR_HV_INVALID_PARAMETER. Seems
2177	* there is no way to support X2APIC.
2178	*
2179	*
2180	* - Not sure if this is a thing, but WHvCancelVirtualProcessor seems to cause
2181	* cause a lot more spurious WHvRunVirtualProcessor returns that what we get
2182	* with the replacement code. By spurious returns we mean that the
2183	* subsequent call to WHvRunVirtualProcessor would return immediately.
2184	*
2185	* Update [build 17757]: New cancelation code might have addressed this, but
2186	* haven't had time to test it yet.
2187	*
2188	*
2189	* - There is no API for modifying protection of a page within a GPA range.
2190	*
2191	* From what we can tell, the only way to modify the protection (like readonly
2192	* -> writable, or vice versa) is to first unmap the range and then remap it
2193	* with the new protection.
2194	*
2195	* We are for instance doing this quite a bit in order to track dirty VRAM
2196	* pages. VRAM pages starts out as readonly, when the guest writes to a page
2197	* we take an exit, notes down which page it is, makes it writable and restart
2198	* the instruction. After refreshing the display, we reset all the writable
2199	* pages to readonly again, bulk fashion.
2200	*
2201	* Now to work around this issue, we do page sized GPA ranges. In addition to
2202	* add a lot of tracking overhead to WinHvPlatform and VID.SYS, this also
2203	* causes us to exceed our quota before we've even mapped a default sized
2204	* (128MB) VRAM page-by-page. So, to work around this quota issue we have to
2205	* lazily map pages and actively restrict the number of mappings.
2206	*
2207	* Our best workaround thus far is bypassing WinHvPlatform and VID entirely
2208	* when in comes to guest memory management and instead use the underlying
2209	* hypercalls (HvCallMapGpaPages, HvCallUnmapGpaPages) to do it ourselves.
2210	* (This also maps a whole lot better into our own guest page management
2211	* infrastructure.)
2212	*
2213	* Update [build 17757]: Introduces a KVM like dirty logging API which could
2214	* help tracking dirty VGA pages, while being useless for shadow ROM and
2215	* devices trying catch the guest updating descriptors and such.
2216	*
2217	*
2218	* - Observed problems doing WHvUnmapGpaRange immediately followed by
2219	* WHvMapGpaRange.
2220	*
2221	* As mentioned above, we've been forced to use this sequence when modifying
2222	* page protection. However, when transitioning from readonly to writable,
2223	* we've ended up looping forever with the same write to readonly memory
2224	* VMEXIT. We're wondering if this issue might be related to the lazy mapping
2225	* logic in WinHvPlatform.
2226	*
2227	* Workaround: Insert a WHvRunVirtualProcessor call and make sure to get a GPA
2228	* unmapped exit between the two calls. Not entirely great performance wise
2229	* (or the santity of our code).
2230	*
2231	*
2232	* - Implementing A20 gate behavior is tedious, where as correctly emulating the
2233	* A20M# pin (present on 486 and later) is near impossible for SMP setups
2234	* (e.g. possiblity of two CPUs with different A20 status).
2235	*
2236	* Workaround #1 (obsolete): Only do A20 on CPU 0, restricting the emulation
2237	* to HMA. We unmap all pages related to HMA (0x100000..0x10ffff) when the A20
2238	* state changes, lazily syncing the right pages back when accessed.
2239	*
2240	* Workaround #2 (used): Use IEM when the A20 gate is disabled.
2241	*
2242	*
2243	* - WHVRunVirtualProcessor wastes time converting VID/Hyper-V messages to its
2244	* own format (WHV_RUN_VP_EXIT_CONTEXT).
2245	*
2246	* We understand this might be because Microsoft wishes to remain free to
2247	* modify the VID/Hyper-V messages, but it's still rather silly and does slow
2248	* things down a little. We'd much rather just process the messages directly.
2249	*
2250	*
2251	* - WHVRunVirtualProcessor would've benefited from using a callback interface:
2252	*
2253	* - The potential size changes of the exit context structure wouldn't be
2254	* an issue, since the function could manage that itself.
2255	*
2256	* - State handling could probably be simplified (like cancelation).
2257	*
2258	*
2259	* - WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters and WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters
2260	* internally converts register names, probably using temporary heap buffers.
2261	*
2262	* From the looks of things, they are converting from WHV_REGISTER_NAME to
2263	* HV_REGISTER_NAME from in the "Virtual Processor Register Names" section in
2264	* the "Hypervisor Top-Level Functional Specification" document. This feels
2265	* like an awful waste of time.
2266	*
2267	* We simply cannot understand why HV_REGISTER_NAME isn't used directly here,
2268	* or at least the same values, making any conversion reduntant. Restricting
2269	* access to certain registers could easily be implement by scanning the
2270	* inputs.
2271	*
2272	* To avoid the heap + conversion overhead, we're currently using the
2273	* HvCallGetVpRegisters and HvCallSetVpRegisters calls directly, at least for
2274	* the ring-0 code.
2275	*
2276	* Update [build 17757]: Register translation has been very cleverly
2277	* optimized and made table driven (2 top level tables, 4 + 1 leaf tables).
2278	* Register information consists of the 32-bit HV register name, register page
2279	* offset, and flags (giving valid offset, size and more). Register
2280	* getting/settings seems to be done by hoping that the register page provides
2281	* it all, and falling back on the VidSetVirtualProcessorState if one or more
2282	* registers are not available there.
2283	*
2284	* Note! We have currently not updated our ring-0 code to take the register
2285	* page into account, so it's suffering a little compared to the ring-3 code
2286	* that now uses the offical APIs for registers.
2287	*
2288	*
2289	* - The YMM and XCR0 registers are not yet named (17083). This probably
2290	* wouldn't be a problem if HV_REGISTER_NAME was used, see previous point.
2291	*
2292	* Update [build 17757]: XCR0 is added. YMM register values seems to be put
2293	* into a yet undocumented XsaveState interface. Approach is a little bulky,
2294	* but saves number of enums and dispenses with register transation. Also,
2295	* the underlying Vid setter API duplicates the input buffer on the heap,
2296	* adding a 16 byte header.
2297	*
2298	*
2299	* - Why does VID.SYS only query/set 32 registers at the time thru the
2300	* HvCallGetVpRegisters and HvCallSetVpRegisters hypercalls?
2301	*
2302	* We've not trouble getting/setting all the registers defined by
2303	* WHV_REGISTER_NAME in one hypercall (around 80). Some kind of stack
2304	* buffering or similar?
2305	*
2306	*
2307	* - To handle the VMMCALL / VMCALL instructions, it seems we need to intercept
2308	* \#UD exceptions and inspect the opcodes. A dedicated exit for hypercalls
2309	* would be more efficient, esp. for guests using \#UD for other purposes..
2310	*
2311	*
2312	* - Wrong instruction length in the VpContext with unmapped GPA memory exit
2313	* contexts on 17115/AMD.
2314	*
2315	* One byte "PUSH CS" was reported as 2 bytes, while a two byte
2316	* "MOV [EBX],EAX" was reported with a 1 byte instruction length. Problem
2317	* naturally present in untranslated hyper-v messages.
2318	*
2319	*
2320	* - The I/O port exit context information seems to be missing the address size
2321	* information needed for correct string I/O emulation.
2322	*
2323	* VT-x provides this information in bits 7:9 in the instruction information
2324	* field on newer CPUs. AMD-V in bits 7:9 in the EXITINFO1 field in the VMCB.
2325	*
2326	* We can probably work around this by scanning the instruction bytes for
2327	* address size prefixes. Haven't investigated it any further yet.
2328	*
2329	*
2330	* - Querying WHvCapabilityCodeExceptionExitBitmap returns zero even when
2331	* intercepts demonstrably works (17134).
2332	*
2333	*
2334	* - Querying HvPartitionPropertyDebugChannelId via HvCallGetPartitionProperty
2335	* (hypercall) hangs the host (17134).
2336	*
2337	* - CommonUtilities::GuidToString needs a 'static' before the hex digit array,
2338	* looks pointless to re-init a stack copy it for each call (novice mistake).
2339	*
2340	*
2341	* Old concerns that have been addressed:
2342	*
2343	* - The WHvCancelVirtualProcessor API schedules a dummy usermode APC callback
2344	* in order to cancel any current or future alertable wait in VID.SYS during
2345	* the VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext call.
2346	*
2347	* IIRC this will make the kernel schedule the specified callback thru
2348	* NTDLL!KiUserApcDispatcher by modifying the thread context and quite
2349	* possibly the userland thread stack. When the APC callback returns to
2350	* KiUserApcDispatcher, it will call NtContinue to restore the old thread
2351	* context and resume execution from there. This naturally adds up to some
2352	* CPU cycles, ring transitions aren't for free, especially after Spectre &
2353	* Meltdown mitigations.
2354	*
2355	* Using NtAltertThread call could do the same without the thread context
2356	* modifications and the extra kernel call.
2357	*
2358	* Update: All concerns have addressed in or about build 17757.
2359	*
2360	* The WHvCancelVirtualProcessor API is now implemented using a new
2361	* VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext() flag (4). Codepath is slightly longer
2362	* than NtAlertThread, but has the added benefit that spurious wakeups can be
2363	* more easily reduced.
2364	*
2365	*
2366	* - When WHvRunVirtualProcessor returns without a message, or on a terse
2367	* VID message like HLT, it will make a kernel call to get some registers.
2368	* This is potentially inefficient if the caller decides he needs more
2369	* register state.
2370	*
2371	* It would be better to just return what's available and let the caller fetch
2372	* what is missing from his point of view in a single kernel call.
2373	*
2374	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in or about build 17757. Selected
2375	* registers are now available via shared memory and thus HLT should (not
2376	* verified) no longer require a system call to compose the exit context data.
2377	*
2378	*
2379	* - The WHvRunVirtualProcessor implementation does lazy GPA range mappings when
2380	* a unmapped GPA message is received from hyper-V.
2381	*
2382	* Since MMIO is currently realized as unmapped GPA, this will slow down all
2383	* MMIO accesses a tiny little bit as WHvRunVirtualProcessor looks up the
2384	* guest physical address to check if it is a pending lazy mapping.
2385	*
2386	* The lazy mapping feature makes no sense to us. We as API user have all the
2387	* information and can do lazy mapping ourselves if we want/have to (see next
2388	* point).
2389	*
2390	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in or about build 17757.
2391	*
2392	*
2393	* - The WHvGetCapability function has a weird design:
2394	* - The CapabilityCode parameter is pointlessly duplicated in the output
2395	* structure (WHV_CAPABILITY).
2396	*
2397	* - API takes void pointer, but everyone will probably be using
2398	* WHV_CAPABILITY due to WHV_CAPABILITY::CapabilityCode making it
2399	* impractical to use anything else.
2400	*
2401	* - No output size.
2402	*
2403	* - See GetFileAttributesEx, GetFileInformationByHandleEx,
2404	* FindFirstFileEx, and others for typical pattern for generic
2405	* information getters.
2406	*
2407	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in build 17110.
2408	*
2409	*
2410	* - The WHvGetPartitionProperty function uses the same weird design as
2411	* WHvGetCapability, see above.
2412	*
2413	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in build 17110.
2414	*
2415	*
2416	* - The WHvSetPartitionProperty function has a totally weird design too:
2417	* - In contrast to its partner WHvGetPartitionProperty, the property code
2418	* is not a separate input parameter here but part of the input
2419	* structure.
2420	*
2421	* - The input structure is a void pointer rather than a pointer to
2422	* WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY which everyone probably will be using because
2423	* of the WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY::PropertyCode field.
2424	*
2425	* - Really, why use PVOID for the input when the function isn't accepting
2426	* minimal sizes. E.g. WHVPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize only
2427	* requires a 9 byte input, but the function insists on 16 bytes (17083).
2428	*
2429	* - See GetFileAttributesEx, SetFileInformationByHandle, FindFirstFileEx,
2430	* and others for typical pattern for generic information setters and
2431	* getters.
2432	*
2433	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in build 17110.
2434	*
2435	*
2436	* @section sec_nem_win_large_pages Large Pages
2437	*
2438	* We've got a standalone memory allocation and access testcase bs3-memalloc-1
2439	* which was run with 48GiB of guest RAM configured on a NUC 11 box running
2440	* Windows 11 GA. In the simplified NEM memory mode no exits should be
2441	* generated while the access tests are running.
2442	*
2443	* The bs3-memalloc-1 results kind of hints at some tiny speed-up if the guest
2444	* RAM is allocated using the MEM_LARGE_PAGES flag, but only in the 3rd access
2445	* check (typical 350 000 MiB/s w/o and around 400 000 MiB/s). The result for
2446	* the 2nd access varies a lot, perhaps hinting at some table optimizations
2447	* going on.
2448	*
2449	* The initial access where the memory is locked/whatever has absolutely horrid
2450	* results regardless of whether large pages are enabled or not. Typically
2451	* bobbing close to 500 MiB/s, non-large pages a little faster.
2452	*
2453	* NEM w/ simplified memory and MEM_LARGE_PAGES:
2454	* @verbatim
2455	bs3-memalloc-1: TESTING...
2456	bs3-memalloc-1: #0/0x0: 0x0000000000000000 LB 0x000000000009fc00 USABLE (1)
2457	bs3-memalloc-1: #1/0x1: 0x000000000009fc00 LB 0x0000000000000400 RESERVED (2)
2458	bs3-memalloc-1: #2/0x2: 0x00000000000f0000 LB 0x0000000000010000 RESERVED (2)
2459	bs3-memalloc-1: #3/0x3: 0x0000000000100000 LB 0x00000000dfef0000 USABLE (1)
2460	bs3-memalloc-1: #4/0x4: 0x00000000dfff0000 LB 0x0000000000010000 ACPI_RECLAIMABLE (3)
2461	bs3-memalloc-1: #5/0x5: 0x00000000fec00000 LB 0x0000000000001000 RESERVED (2)
2462	bs3-memalloc-1: #6/0x6: 0x00000000fee00000 LB 0x0000000000001000 RESERVED (2)
2463	bs3-memalloc-1: #7/0x7: 0x00000000fffc0000 LB 0x0000000000040000 RESERVED (2)
2464	bs3-memalloc-1: #8/0x9: 0x0000000100000000 LB 0x0000000b20000000 USABLE (1)
2465	bs3-memalloc-1: Found 1 interesting entries covering 0xb20000000 bytes (44 GB).
2466	bs3-memalloc-1: From 0x100000000 to 0xc20000000
2467	bs3-memalloc-1: INT15h/E820 : PASSED
2468	bs3-memalloc-1: Mapping memory above 4GB : PASSED
2469	bs3-memalloc-1: Pages : 11 665 408 pages
2470	bs3-memalloc-1: MiBs : 45 568 MB
2471	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc elapsed : 90 925 263 996 ns
2472	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc elapsed in ticks : 272 340 387 336 ticks
2473	bs3-memalloc-1: Page alloc time : 7 794 ns/page
2474	bs3-memalloc-1: Page alloc time in ticks : 23 345 ticks/page
2475	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc thruput : 128 296 pages/s
2476	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc thruput in MiBs : 501 MB/s
2477	bs3-memalloc-1: Allocation speed : PASSED
2478	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed : 85 074 483 467 ns
2479	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed in ticks : 254 816 088 412 ticks
2480	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time : 7 292 ns/page
2481	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time in ticks : 21 843 ticks/page
2482	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput : 137 119 pages/s
2483	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput in MiBs : 535 MB/s
2484	bs3-memalloc-1: 2nd access : PASSED
2485	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed : 112 963 925 ns
2486	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed in ticks : 338 284 436 ticks
2487	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time : 9 ns/page
2488	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time in ticks : 28 ticks/page
2489	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput : 103 266 666 pages/s
2490	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput in MiBs : 403 385 MB/s
2491	bs3-memalloc-1: 3rd access : PASSED
2492	bs3-memalloc-1: SUCCESS
2493	* @endverbatim
2494	*
2495	* NEM w/ simplified memory and but no MEM_LARGE_PAGES:
2496	* @verbatim
2497	bs3-memalloc-1: From 0x100000000 to 0xc20000000
2498	bs3-memalloc-1: Pages : 11 665 408 pages
2499	bs3-memalloc-1: MiBs : 45 568 MB
2500	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc elapsed : 90 062 027 900 ns
2501	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc elapsed in ticks : 269 754 826 466 ticks
2502	bs3-memalloc-1: Page alloc time : 7 720 ns/page
2503	bs3-memalloc-1: Page alloc time in ticks : 23 124 ticks/page
2504	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc thruput : 129 526 pages/s
2505	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc thruput in MiBs : 505 MB/s
2506	bs3-memalloc-1: Allocation speed : PASSED
2507	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed : 3 596 017 220 ns
2508	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed in ticks : 10 770 732 620 ticks
2509	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time : 308 ns/page
2510	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time in ticks : 923 ticks/page
2511	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput : 3 243 980 pages/s
2512	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput in MiBs : 12 671 MB/s
2513	bs3-memalloc-1: 2nd access : PASSED
2514	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed : 133 060 160 ns
2515	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed in ticks : 398 459 884 ticks
2516	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time : 11 ns/page
2517	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time in ticks : 34 ticks/page
2518	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput : 87 670 178 pages/s
2519	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput in MiBs : 342 461 MB/s
2520	bs3-memalloc-1: 3rd access : PASSED
2521	* @endverbatim
2522	*
2523	* Same everything but native VT-x and VBox (stripped output a little):
2524	* @verbatim
2525	bs3-memalloc-1: From 0x100000000 to 0xc20000000
2526	bs3-memalloc-1: Pages : 11 665 408 pages
2527	bs3-memalloc-1: MiBs : 45 568 MB
2528	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc elapsed : 776 111 427 ns
2529	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc elapsed in ticks : 2 323 267 035 ticks
2530	bs3-memalloc-1: Page alloc time : 66 ns/page
2531	bs3-memalloc-1: Page alloc time in ticks : 199 ticks/page
2532	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc thruput : 15 030 584 pages/s
2533	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc thruput in MiBs : 58 713 MB/s
2534	bs3-memalloc-1: Allocation speed : PASSED
2535	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed : 112 141 904 ns
2536	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed in ticks : 335 751 077 ticks
2537	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time : 9 ns/page
2538	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time in ticks : 28 ticks/page
2539	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput : 104 023 630 pages/s
2540	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput in MiBs : 406 342 MB/s
2541	bs3-memalloc-1: 2nd access : PASSED
2542	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed : 112 023 049 ns
2543	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed in ticks : 335 418 343 ticks
2544	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time : 9 ns/page
2545	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time in ticks : 28 ticks/page
2546	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput : 104 133 998 pages/s
2547	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput in MiBs : 406 773 MB/s
2548	bs3-memalloc-1: 3rd access : PASSED
2549	* @endverbatim
2550	*
2551	* VBox with large pages disabled:
2552	* @verbatim
2553	bs3-memalloc-1: From 0x100000000 to 0xc20000000
2554	bs3-memalloc-1: Pages : 11 665 408 pages
2555	bs3-memalloc-1: MiBs : 45 568 MB
2556	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc elapsed : 50 986 588 028 ns
2557	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc elapsed in ticks : 152 714 862 044 ticks
2558	bs3-memalloc-1: Page alloc time : 4 370 ns/page
2559	bs3-memalloc-1: Page alloc time in ticks : 13 091 ticks/page
2560	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc thruput : 228 793 pages/s
2561	bs3-memalloc-1: Alloc thruput in MiBs : 893 MB/s
2562	bs3-memalloc-1: Allocation speed : PASSED
2563	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed : 2 849 641 741 ns
2564	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed in ticks : 8 535 372 249 ticks
2565	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time : 244 ns/page
2566	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time in ticks : 731 ticks/page
2567	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput : 4 093 640 pages/s
2568	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput in MiBs : 15 990 MB/s
2569	bs3-memalloc-1: 2nd access : PASSED
2570	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed : 2 866 960 770 ns
2571	bs3-memalloc-1: Access elapsed in ticks : 8 587 097 799 ticks
2572	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time : 245 ns/page
2573	bs3-memalloc-1: Page access time in ticks : 736 ticks/page
2574	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput : 4 068 910 pages/s
2575	bs3-memalloc-1: Access thruput in MiBs : 15 894 MB/s
2576	bs3-memalloc-1: 3rd access : PASSED
2577	* @endverbatim
2578	*
2579	* Comparing large pages, therer is an allocation speed difference of two order
2580	* of magnitude. When disabling large pages in VBox the allocation numbers are
2581	* closer, and the is clear from the 2nd and 3rd access tests that VBox doesn't
2582	* spend enough memory on nested page tables as Hyper-V does. The similar 2nd
2583	* and 3rd access numbers the two large page testruns seems to hint strongly at
2584	* Hyper-V eventually getting the large pages in place too, only that it sucks
2585	* hundredfold in the setting up phase.
2586	*
2587	*
2588	*
2589	* @section sec_nem_win_impl Our implementation.
2590	*
2591	* We set out with the goal of wanting to run as much as possible in ring-0,
2592	* reasoning that this would give use the best performance.
2593	*
2594	* This goal was approached gradually, starting out with a pure WinHvPlatform
2595	* implementation, gradually replacing parts: register access, guest memory
2596	* handling, running virtual processors. Then finally moving it all into
2597	* ring-0, while keeping most of it configurable so that we could make
2598	* comparisons (see NEMInternal.h and nemR3NativeRunGC()).
2599	*
2600	*
2601	* @subsection subsect_nem_win_impl_ioctl VID.SYS I/O control calls
2602	*
2603	* To run things in ring-0 we need to talk directly to VID.SYS thru its I/O
2604	* control interface. Looking at changes between like build 17083 and 17101 (if
2605	* memory serves) a set of the VID I/O control numbers shifted a little, which
2606	* means we need to determin them dynamically. We currently do this by hooking
2607	* the NtDeviceIoControlFile API call from VID.DLL and snooping up the
2608	* parameters when making dummy calls to relevant APIs. (We could also
2609	* disassemble the relevant APIs and try fish out the information from that, but
2610	* this is way simpler.)
2611	*
2612	* Issuing I/O control calls from ring-0 is facing a small challenge with
2613	* respect to direct buffering. When using direct buffering the device will
2614	* typically check that the buffer is actually in the user address space range
2615	* and reject kernel addresses. Fortunately, we've got the cross context VM
2616	* structure that is mapped into both kernel and user space, it's also locked
2617	* and safe to access from kernel space. So, we place the I/O control buffers
2618	* in the per-CPU part of it (NEMCPU::uIoCtlBuf) and give the driver the user
2619	* address if direct access buffering or kernel address if not.
2620	*
2621	* The I/O control calls are 'abstracted' in the support driver, see
2622	* SUPR0IoCtlSetupForHandle(), SUPR0IoCtlPerform() and SUPR0IoCtlCleanup().
2623	*
2624	*
2625	* @subsection subsect_nem_win_impl_cpumctx CPUMCTX
2626	*
2627	* Since the CPU state needs to live in Hyper-V when executing, we probably
2628	* should not transfer more than necessary when handling VMEXITs. To help us
2629	* manage this CPUMCTX got a new field CPUMCTX::fExtrn that to indicate which
2630	* part of the state is currently externalized (== in Hyper-V).
2631	*
2632	*
2633	* @subsection sec_nem_win_benchmarks Benchmarks.
2634	*
2635	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_bs2t1 17134/2018-06-22: Bootsector2-test1
2636	*
2637	* This is ValidationKit/bootsectors/bootsector2-test1.asm as of 2018-06-22
2638	* (internal r123172) running a the release build of VirtualBox from the same
2639	* source, though with exit optimizations disabled. Host is AMD Threadripper 1950X
2640	* running out an up to date 64-bit Windows 10 build 17134.
2641	*
2642	* The base line column is using the official WinHv API for everything but physical
2643	* memory mapping. The 2nd column is the default NEM/win configuration where we
2644	* put the main execution loop in ring-0, using hypercalls when we can and VID for
2645	* managing execution. The 3rd column is regular VirtualBox using AMD-V directly,
2646	* hyper-V is disabled, main execution loop in ring-0.
2647	*
2648	* @verbatim
2649	TESTING... WinHv API Hypercalls + VID VirtualBox AMD-V
2650	32-bit paged protected mode, CPUID : 108 874 ins/sec 113% / 123 602 1198% / 1 305 113
2651	32-bit pae protected mode, CPUID : 106 722 ins/sec 115% / 122 740 1232% / 1 315 201
2652	64-bit long mode, CPUID : 106 798 ins/sec 114% / 122 111 1198% / 1 280 404
2653	16-bit unpaged protected mode, CPUID : 106 835 ins/sec 114% / 121 994 1216% / 1 299 665
2654	32-bit unpaged protected mode, CPUID : 105 257 ins/sec 115% / 121 772 1235% / 1 300 860
2655	real mode, CPUID : 104 507 ins/sec 116% / 121 800 1228% / 1 283 848
2656	CPUID EAX=1 : PASSED
2657	32-bit paged protected mode, RDTSC : 99 581 834 ins/sec 100% / 100 323 307 93% / 93 473 299
2658	32-bit pae protected mode, RDTSC : 99 620 585 ins/sec 100% / 99 960 952 84% / 83 968 839
2659	64-bit long mode, RDTSC : 100 540 009 ins/sec 100% / 100 946 372 93% / 93 652 826
2660	16-bit unpaged protected mode, RDTSC : 99 688 473 ins/sec 100% / 100 097 751 76% / 76 281 287
2661	32-bit unpaged protected mode, RDTSC : 98 385 857 ins/sec 102% / 100 510 404 94% / 93 379 536
2662	real mode, RDTSC : 100 087 967 ins/sec 101% / 101 386 138 93% / 93 234 999
2663	RDTSC : PASSED
2664	32-bit paged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 156 102 ins/sec 98% / 2 121 967 17114% / 369 009 009
2665	32-bit pae protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 163 820 ins/sec 98% / 2 133 804 17469% / 377 999 261
2666	64-bit long mode, Read CR4 : 2 164 822 ins/sec 98% / 2 128 698 18875% / 408 619 313
2667	16-bit unpaged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 162 367 ins/sec 100% / 2 168 508 17132% / 370 477 568
2668	32-bit unpaged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 163 189 ins/sec 100% / 2 169 808 16768% / 362 734 679
2669	real mode, Read CR4 : 2 162 436 ins/sec 100% / 2 164 914 15551% / 336 288 998
2670	Read CR4 : PASSED
2671	real mode, 32-bit IN : 104 649 ins/sec 118% / 123 513 1028% / 1 075 831
2672	real mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 102 ins/sec 115% / 123 660 982% / 1 052 259
2673	real mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 105 697 ins/sec 98% / 104 471 201% / 213 216
2674	real mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 105 830 ins/sec 98% / 104 598 198% / 210 495
2675	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 104 855 ins/sec 117% / 123 174 1029% / 1 079 591
2676	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 529 ins/sec 115% / 124 250 992% / 1 067 053
2677	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 106 337 ins/sec 103% / 109 565 196% / 209 367
2678	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 107 558 ins/sec 100% / 108 237 191% / 206 387
2679	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 106 351 ins/sec 116% / 123 584 1016% / 1 081 325
2680	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 106 424 ins/sec 116% / 124 252 995% / 1 059 408
2681	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 104 035 ins/sec 101% / 105 305 202% / 210 750
2682	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 103 831 ins/sec 102% / 106 919 205% / 213 198
2683	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 103 356 ins/sec 119% / 123 870 1041% / 1 076 463
2684	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 177 ins/sec 115% / 124 302 998% / 1 069 655
2685	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 104 491 ins/sec 100% / 104 744 200% / 209 264
2686	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 106 603 ins/sec 97% / 103 849 197% / 210 219
2687	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit IN : 105 923 ins/sec 115% / 122 759 1041% / 1 103 261
2688	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 083 ins/sec 117% / 126 057 1024% / 1 096 667
2689	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 106 114 ins/sec 97% / 103 496 199% / 211 312
2690	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 105 675 ins/sec 96% / 102 096 198% / 209 890
2691	64-bit long mode, 32-bit IN : 105 800 ins/sec 113% / 120 006 1013% / 1 072 116
2692	64-bit long mode, 32-bit OUT : 105 635 ins/sec 113% / 120 375 997% / 1 053 655
2693	64-bit long mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 105 274 ins/sec 95% / 100 763 197% / 208 026
2694	64-bit long mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 106 262 ins/sec 94% / 100 749 196% / 209 288
2695	NOP I/O Port Access : PASSED
2696	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read : 57 687 ins/sec 119% / 69 136 1197% / 690 548
2697	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write : 57 957 ins/sec 118% / 68 935 1183% / 685 930
2698	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 958 ins/sec 95% / 55 432 276% / 160 505
2699	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 922 ins/sec 100% / 58 340 304% / 176 464
2700	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit read : 57 478 ins/sec 119% / 68 453 1141% / 656 159
2701	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit write : 57 226 ins/sec 118% / 68 097 1157% / 662 504
2702	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 582 ins/sec 94% / 54 651 268% / 154 867
2703	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 697 ins/sec 100% / 57 750 299% / 173 030
2704	64-bit long mode, 32-bit read : 57 128 ins/sec 118% / 67 779 1071% / 611 949
2705	64-bit long mode, 32-bit write : 57 127 ins/sec 118% / 67 632 1084% / 619 395
2706	64-bit long mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 181 ins/sec 94% / 54 123 265% / 151 937
2707	64-bit long mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 297 ins/sec 99% / 57 286 294% / 168 694
2708	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read : 58 827 ins/sec 118% / 69 545 1185% / 697 602
2709	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write : 58 678 ins/sec 118% / 69 442 1183% / 694 387
2710	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 841 ins/sec 96% / 55 730 275% / 159 163
2711	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 855 ins/sec 101% / 58 834 304% / 176 169
2712	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read : 58 063 ins/sec 120% / 69 690 1233% / 716 444
2713	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write : 57 936 ins/sec 120% / 69 633 1199% / 694 753
2714	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 58 451 ins/sec 96% / 56 183 273% / 159 972
2715	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 58 962 ins/sec 99% / 58 955 298% / 175 936
2716	real mode, 32-bit read : 58 571 ins/sec 118% / 69 478 1160% / 679 917
2717	real mode, 32-bit write : 58 418 ins/sec 118% / 69 320 1185% / 692 513
2718	real mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 58 072 ins/sec 96% / 55 751 274% / 159 145
2719	real mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 870 ins/sec 101% / 58 755 307% / 178 042
2720	NOP MMIO Access : PASSED
2721	SUCCESS
2722	* @endverbatim
2723	*
2724	* What we see here is:
2725	*
2726	* - The WinHv API approach is 10 to 12 times slower for exits we can
2727	* handle directly in ring-0 in the VBox AMD-V code.
2728	*
2729	* - The WinHv API approach is 2 to 3 times slower for exits we have to
2730	* go to ring-3 to handle with the VBox AMD-V code.
2731	*
2732	* - By using hypercalls and VID.SYS from ring-0 we gain between
2733	* 13% and 20% over the WinHv API on exits handled in ring-0.
2734	*
2735	* - For exits requiring ring-3 handling are between 6% slower and 3% faster
2736	* than the WinHv API.
2737	*
2738	*
2739	* As a side note, it looks like Hyper-V doesn't let the guest read CR4 but
2740	* triggers exits all the time. This isn't all that important these days since
2741	* OSes like Linux cache the CR4 value specifically to avoid these kinds of exits.
2742	*
2743	*
2744	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_bs2t1u1 17134/2018-10-02: Bootsector2-test1
2745	*
2746	* Update on 17134. While expectantly testing a couple of newer builds (17758,
2747	* 17763) hoping for some increases in performance, the numbers turned out
2748	* altogether worse than the June test run. So, we went back to the 1803
2749	* (17134) installation, made sure it was fully up to date (as per 2018-10-02)
2750	* and re-tested.
2751	*
2752	* The numbers had somehow turned significantly worse over the last 3-4 months,
2753	* dropping around 70% for the WinHv API test, more for Hypercalls + VID.
2754	*
2755	* @verbatim
2756	TESTING... WinHv API Hypercalls + VID VirtualBox AMD-V *
2757	32-bit paged protected mode, CPUID : 33 270 ins/sec 33 154
2758	real mode, CPUID : 33 534 ins/sec 32 711
2759	[snip]
2760	32-bit paged protected mode, RDTSC : 102 216 011 ins/sec 98 225 419
2761	real mode, RDTSC : 102 492 243 ins/sec 98 225 419
2762	[snip]
2763	32-bit paged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 096 165 ins/sec 2 123 815
2764	real mode, Read CR4 : 2 081 047 ins/sec 2 075 151
2765	[snip]
2766	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 32 739 ins/sec 33 655
2767	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 32 702 ins/sec 33 777
2768	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 32 579 ins/sec 29 985
2769	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 32 750 ins/sec 29 757
2770	[snip]
2771	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read : 20 042 ins/sec 21 489
2772	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write : 20 036 ins/sec 21 493
2773	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 19 985 ins/sec 19 143
2774	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 19 972 ins/sec 19 595
2775
2776	* @endverbatim
2777	*
2778	* Suspects are security updates and/or microcode updates installed since then.
2779	* Given that the RDTSC and CR4 numbers are reasonably unchanges, it seems that
2780	* the Hyper-V core loop (in hvax64.exe) aren't affected. Our ring-0 runloop
2781	* is equally affected as the ring-3 based runloop, so it cannot be ring
2782	* switching as such (unless the ring-0 loop is borked and we didn't notice yet).
2783	*
2784	* The issue is probably in the thread / process switching area, could be
2785	* something special for hyper-V interrupt delivery or worker thread switching.
2786	*
2787	* Really wish this thread ping-pong going on in VID.SYS could be eliminated!
2788	*
2789	*
2790	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_bs2t1u2 17763: Bootsector2-test1
2791	*
2792	* Some preliminary numbers for build 17763 on the 3.4 GHz AMD 1950X, the second
2793	* column will improve we get time to have a look the register page.
2794	*
2795	* There is a 50% performance loss here compared to the June numbers with
2796	* build 17134. The RDTSC numbers hits that it isn't in the Hyper-V core
2797	* (hvax64.exe), but something on the NT side.
2798	*
2799	* Clearing bit 20 in nt!KiSpeculationFeatures speeds things up (i.e. changing
2800	* the dword from 0x00300065 to 0x00200065 in windbg). This is checked by
2801	* nt!KePrepareToDispatchVirtualProcessor, making it a no-op if the flag is
2802	* clear. winhvr!WinHvpVpDispatchLoop call that function before making
2803	* hypercall 0xc2, which presumably does the heavy VCpu lifting in hvcax64.exe.
2804	*
2805	* @verbatim
2806	TESTING... WinHv API Hypercalls + VID clr(bit-20) + WinHv API
2807	32-bit paged protected mode, CPUID : 54 145 ins/sec 51 436 130 076
2808	real mode, CPUID : 54 178 ins/sec 51 713 130 449
2809	[snip]
2810	32-bit paged protected mode, RDTSC : 98 927 639 ins/sec 100 254 552 100 549 882
2811	real mode, RDTSC : 99 601 206 ins/sec 100 886 699 100 470 957
2812	[snip]
2813	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 54 621 ins/sec 51 524 128 294
2814	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 54 870 ins/sec 51 671 129 397
2815	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 54 624 ins/sec 43 964 127 874
2816	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 54 803 ins/sec 44 087 129 443
2817	[snip]
2818	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read : 28 230 ins/sec 34 042 48 113
2819	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write : 27 962 ins/sec 34 050 48 069
2820	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 27 841 ins/sec 28 397 48 146
2821	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 27 896 ins/sec 29 455 47 970
2822	* @endverbatim
2823	*
2824	*
2825	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_w2k 17134/2018-06-22: Windows 2000 Boot & Shutdown
2826	*
2827	* Timing the startup and automatic shutdown of a Windows 2000 SP4 guest serves
2828	* as a real world benchmark and example of why exit performance is import. When
2829	* Windows 2000 boots up is doing a lot of VGA redrawing of the boot animation,
2830	* which is very costly. Not having installed guest additions leaves it in a VGA
2831	* mode after the bootup sequence is done, keep up the screen access expenses,
2832	* though the graphics driver more economical than the bootvid code.
2833	*
2834	* The VM was configured to automatically logon. A startup script was installed
2835	* to perform the automatic shuting down and powering off the VM (thru
2836	* vts_shutdown.exe -f -p). An offline snapshot of the VM was taken an restored
2837	* before each test run. The test time run time is calculated from the monotonic
2838	* VBox.log timestamps, starting with the state change to 'RUNNING' and stopping
2839	* at 'POWERING_OFF'.
2840	*
2841	* The host OS and VirtualBox build is the same as for the bootsector2-test1
2842	* scenario.
2843	*
2844	* Results:
2845	*
2846	* - WinHv API for all but physical page mappings:
2847	* 32 min 12.19 seconds
2848	*
2849	* - The default NEM/win configuration where we put the main execution loop
2850	* in ring-0, using hypercalls when we can and VID for managing execution:
2851	* 3 min 23.18 seconds
2852	*
2853	* - Regular VirtualBox using AMD-V directly, hyper-V is disabled, main
2854	* execution loop in ring-0:
2855	* 58.09 seconds
2856	*
2857	* - WinHv API with exit history based optimizations:
2858	* 58.66 seconds
2859	*
2860	* - Hypercall + VID.SYS with exit history base optimizations:
2861	* 58.94 seconds
2862	*
2863	* With a well above average machine needing over half an hour for booting a
2864	* nearly 20 year old guest kind of says it all. The 13%-20% exit performance
2865	* increase we get by using hypercalls and VID.SYS directly pays off a lot here.
2866	* The 3m23s is almost acceptable in comparison to the half an hour.
2867	*
2868	* The similarity between the last three results strongly hits at windows 2000
2869	* doing a lot of waiting during boot and shutdown and isn't the best testcase
2870	* once a basic performance level is reached.
2871	*
2872	*
2873	* @subsubsection subsection_iem_win_benchmarks_deb9_nat Debian 9 NAT performance
2874	*
2875	* This benchmark is about network performance over NAT from a 64-bit Debian 9
2876	* VM with a single CPU. For network performance measurements, we use our own
2877	* NetPerf tool (ValidationKit/utils/network/NetPerf.cpp) to measure latency
2878	* and throughput.
2879	*
2880	* The setups, builds and configurations are as in the previous benchmarks
2881	* (release r123172 on 1950X running 64-bit W10/17134 (2016-06-xx). Please note
2882	* that the exit optimizations hasn't yet been in tuned with NetPerf in mind.
2883	*
2884	* The NAT network setup was selected here since it's the default one and the
2885	* slowest one. There is quite a bit of IPC with worker threads and packet
2886	* processing involved.
2887	*
2888	* Latency test is first up. This is a classic back and forth between the two
2889	* NetPerf instances, where the key measurement is the roundrip latency. The
2890	* values here are the lowest result over 3-6 runs.
2891	*
2892	* Against host system:
2893	* - 152 258 ns/roundtrip - 100% - regular VirtualBox SVM
2894	* - 271 059 ns/roundtrip - 178% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations.
2895	* - 280 149 ns/roundtrip - 184% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0
2896	* - 317 735 ns/roundtrip - 209% - Win HV API with exit optimizations.
2897	* - 342 440 ns/roundtrip - 225% - Win HV API
2898	*
2899	* Against a remote Windows 10 system over a 10Gbps link:
2900	* - 243 969 ns/roundtrip - 100% - regular VirtualBox SVM
2901	* - 384 427 ns/roundtrip - 158% - Win HV API with exit optimizations.
2902	* - 402 411 ns/roundtrip - 165% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0
2903	* - 406 313 ns/roundtrip - 167% - Win HV API
2904	* - 413 160 ns/roundtrip - 169% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations.
2905	*
2906	* What we see here is:
2907	*
2908	* - Consistent and signficant latency increase using Hyper-V compared
2909	* to directly harnessing AMD-V ourselves.
2910	*
2911	* - When talking to the host, it's clear that the hypercalls + VID.SYS
2912	* in ring-0 method pays off.
2913	*
2914	* - When talking to a different host, the numbers are closer and it
2915	* is not longer clear which Hyper-V execution method is better.
2916	*
2917	*
2918	* Throughput benchmarks are performed by one side pushing data full throttle
2919	* for 10 seconds (minus a 1 second at each end of the test), then reversing
2920	* the roles and measuring it in the other direction. The tests ran 3-5 times
2921	* and below are the highest and lowest results in each direction.
2922	*
2923	* Receiving from host system:
2924	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2925	* Max: 96 907 549 bytes/s - 100%
2926	* Min: 86 912 095 bytes/s - 100%
2927	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2928	* Max: 84 036 544 bytes/s - 87%
2929	* Min: 64 978 112 bytes/s - 75%
2930	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2931	* Max: 77 760 699 bytes/s - 80%
2932	* Min: 72 677 171 bytes/s - 84%
2933	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2934	* Max: 64 465 905 bytes/s - 67%
2935	* Min: 62 286 369 bytes/s - 72%
2936	* - Win HV API:
2937	* Max: 62 466 631 bytes/s - 64%
2938	* Min: 61 362 782 bytes/s - 70%
2939	*
2940	* Sending to the host system:
2941	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2942	* Max: 87 728 652 bytes/s - 100%
2943	* Min: 86 923 198 bytes/s - 100%
2944	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2945	* Max: 84 280 749 bytes/s - 96%
2946	* Min: 78 369 842 bytes/s - 90%
2947	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2948	* Max: 84 119 932 bytes/s - 96%
2949	* Min: 77 396 811 bytes/s - 89%
2950	* - Win HV API:
2951	* Max: 81 714 377 bytes/s - 93%
2952	* Min: 78 697 419 bytes/s - 91%
2953	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2954	* Max: 80 502 488 bytes/s - 91%
2955	* Min: 71 164 978 bytes/s - 82%
2956	*
2957	* Receiving from a remote Windows 10 system over a 10Gbps link:
2958	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2959	* Max: 115 346 922 bytes/s - 136%
2960	* Min: 112 912 035 bytes/s - 137%
2961	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2962	* Max: 84 517 504 bytes/s - 100%
2963	* Min: 82 597 049 bytes/s - 100%
2964	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2965	* Max: 77 736 251 bytes/s - 92%
2966	* Min: 73 813 784 bytes/s - 89%
2967	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2968	* Max: 63 035 587 bytes/s - 75%
2969	* Min: 57 538 380 bytes/s - 70%
2970	* - Win HV API:
2971	* Max: 62 279 185 bytes/s - 74%
2972	* Min: 56 813 866 bytes/s - 69%
2973	*
2974	* Sending to a remote Windows 10 system over a 10Gbps link:
2975	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2976	* Max: 116 502 357 bytes/s - 103%
2977	* Min: 49 046 550 bytes/s - 59%
2978	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2979	* Max: 113 030 991 bytes/s - 100%
2980	* Min: 83 059 511 bytes/s - 100%
2981	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2982	* Max: 106 435 031 bytes/s - 94%
2983	* Min: 47 253 510 bytes/s - 57%
2984	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2985	* Max: 94 842 287 bytes/s - 84%
2986	* Min: 68 362 172 bytes/s - 82%
2987	* - Win HV API:
2988	* Max: 65 165 225 bytes/s - 58%
2989	* Min: 47 246 573 bytes/s - 57%
2990	*
2991	* What we see here is:
2992	*
2993	* - Again consistent numbers when talking to the host. Showing that the
2994	* ring-0 approach is preferable to the ring-3 one.
2995	*
2996	* - Again when talking to a remote host, things get more difficult to
2997	* make sense of. The spread is larger and direct AMD-V gets beaten by
2998	* a different the Hyper-V approaches in each direction.
2999	*
3000	* - However, if we treat the first entry (remote host) as weird spikes, the
3001	* other entries are consistently worse compared to direct AMD-V. For the
3002	* send case we get really bad results for WinHV.
3003	*
3004	*/
3005

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