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source: vbox/trunk/src/VBox/VMM/VMMR3/NEMR3Native-win.cpp@ 74791

Last change on this file since 74791 was 74791, checked in by vboxsync, 6 years ago
vm.h,VMM,REM: s/VM_FF_IS_PENDING/VM_FF_IS_ANY_SET/g to emphasize the plurality of the flags argument and encourage using VM_FF_IS_SET. bugref:9180
Property svn:eol-style set to `native` Property svn:keywords set to `Author Date Id Revision`
File size: 135.7 KB

Line
1	/* $Id: NEMR3Native-win.cpp 74791 2018-10-12 10:44:17Z vboxsync $ */
2	/** @file
3	* NEM - Native execution manager, native ring-3 Windows backend.
4	*
5	* Log group 2: Exit logging.
6	* Log group 3: Log context on exit.
7	* Log group 5: Ring-3 memory management
8	* Log group 6: Ring-0 memory management
9	* Log group 12: API intercepts.
10	*/
11
12	/*
13	* Copyright (C) 2018 Oracle Corporation
14	*
15	* This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
16	* available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
17	* you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
18	* General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
19	* Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
20	* VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
21	* hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
22	*/
23
24
25	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
26	* Header Files *
27	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
28	#define LOG_GROUP LOG_GROUP_NEM
29	#define VMCPU_INCL_CPUM_GST_CTX
30	#include <iprt/nt/nt-and-windows.h>
31	#include <iprt/nt/hyperv.h>
32	#include <iprt/nt/vid.h>
33	#include <WinHvPlatform.h>
34
35	#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10
36	# error "Missing _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10"
37	#endif
38	#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10_RS1 /* Missing define, causing trouble for us. */
39	# define _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10_RS1 (_WIN32_WINNT_WIN10 + 1)
40	#endif
41	#include <sysinfoapi.h>
42	#include <debugapi.h>
43	#include <errhandlingapi.h>
44	#include <fileapi.h>
45	#include <winerror.h> /* no api header for this. */
46
47	#include <VBox/vmm/nem.h>
48	#include <VBox/vmm/iem.h>
49	#include <VBox/vmm/em.h>
50	#include <VBox/vmm/apic.h>
51	#include <VBox/vmm/pdm.h>
52	#include <VBox/vmm/dbgftrace.h>
53	#include "NEMInternal.h"
54	#include <VBox/vmm/vm.h>
55
56	#include <iprt/ldr.h>
57	#include <iprt/path.h>
58	#include <iprt/string.h>
59	#include <iprt/system.h>
60
61
62	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
63	* Defined Constants And Macros *
64	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
65	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
66	# define NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
67	#endif
68
69	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake partition handle input. */
70	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE ((HANDLE)(uintptr_t)38479125)
71	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake partition ID return. */
72	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_ID UINT64_C(0xfa1e000042424242)
73	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake CPU index input. */
74	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX UINT32_C(42)
75	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake timeout input. */
76	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_TIMEOUT UINT32_C(0x00080286)
77
78
79	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
80	* Global Variables *
81	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
82	/** @name APIs imported from WinHvPlatform.dll
83	* @{ */
84	static decltype(WHvGetCapability) * g_pfnWHvGetCapability;
85	static decltype(WHvCreatePartition) * g_pfnWHvCreatePartition;
86	static decltype(WHvSetupPartition) * g_pfnWHvSetupPartition;
87	static decltype(WHvDeletePartition) * g_pfnWHvDeletePartition;
88	static decltype(WHvGetPartitionProperty) * g_pfnWHvGetPartitionProperty;
89	static decltype(WHvSetPartitionProperty) * g_pfnWHvSetPartitionProperty;
90	static decltype(WHvMapGpaRange) * g_pfnWHvMapGpaRange;
91	static decltype(WHvUnmapGpaRange) * g_pfnWHvUnmapGpaRange;
92	static decltype(WHvTranslateGva) * g_pfnWHvTranslateGva;
93	#ifndef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
94	static decltype(WHvCreateVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvCreateVirtualProcessor;
95	static decltype(WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvDeleteVirtualProcessor;
96	static decltype(WHvRunVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvRunVirtualProcessor;
97	static decltype(WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor;
98	static decltype(WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters) * g_pfnWHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters;
99	static decltype(WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters) * g_pfnWHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters;
100	#endif
101	/** @} */
102
103	/** @name APIs imported from Vid.dll
104	* @{ */
105	static decltype(VidGetHvPartitionId) *g_pfnVidGetHvPartitionId;
106	static decltype(VidStartVirtualProcessor) *g_pfnVidStartVirtualProcessor;
107	static decltype(VidStopVirtualProcessor) *g_pfnVidStopVirtualProcessor;
108	static decltype(VidMessageSlotMap) *g_pfnVidMessageSlotMap;
109	static decltype(VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext) *g_pfnVidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext;
110	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
111	static decltype(VidGetVirtualProcessorState) *g_pfnVidGetVirtualProcessorState;
112	static decltype(VidSetVirtualProcessorState) *g_pfnVidSetVirtualProcessorState;
113	static decltype(VidGetVirtualProcessorRunningStatus) *g_pfnVidGetVirtualProcessorRunningStatus;
114	#endif
115	/** @} */
116
117	/** The Windows build number. */
118	static uint32_t g_uBuildNo = 17134;
119
120
121
122	/**
123	* Import instructions.
124	*/
125	static const struct
126	{
127	uint8_t idxDll; /*< 0 for WinHvPlatform.dll, 1 for vid.dll. /
128	bool fOptional; /*< Set if import is optional. /
129	PFNRT ppfn; /< The function pointer variable. /
130	const char pszName; /< The function name. /
131	} g_aImports[] =
132	{
133	#define NEM_WIN_IMPORT(a_idxDll, a_fOptional, a_Name) { (a_idxDll), (a_fOptional), (PFNRT *)&RT_CONCAT(g_pfn,a_Name), #a_Name }
134	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvGetCapability),
135	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvCreatePartition),
136	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvSetupPartition),
137	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvDeletePartition),
138	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvGetPartitionProperty),
139	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvSetPartitionProperty),
140	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvMapGpaRange),
141	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvUnmapGpaRange),
142	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvTranslateGva),
143	#ifndef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
144	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvCreateVirtualProcessor),
145	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor),
146	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvRunVirtualProcessor),
147	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor),
148	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters),
149	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters),
150	#endif
151	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidGetHvPartitionId),
152	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidMessageSlotMap),
153	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext),
154	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidStartVirtualProcessor),
155	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidStopVirtualProcessor),
156	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
157	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidGetVirtualProcessorState),
158	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidSetVirtualProcessorState),
159	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidGetVirtualProcessorRunningStatus),
160	#endif
161	#undef NEM_WIN_IMPORT
162	};
163
164
165	/** The real NtDeviceIoControlFile API in NTDLL. */
166	static decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) *g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile;
167	/** Pointer to the NtDeviceIoControlFile import table entry. */
168	static decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) **g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile;
169	/** Info about the VidGetHvPartitionId I/O control interface. */
170	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId;
171	/** Info about the VidStartVirtualProcessor I/O control interface. */
172	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor;
173	/** Info about the VidStopVirtualProcessor I/O control interface. */
174	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor;
175	/** Info about the VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext I/O control interface. */
176	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext;
177	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
178	/** Info about the VidMessageSlotMap I/O control interface - for logging. */
179	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap;
180	/* Info about the VidGetVirtualProcessorState I/O control interface - for logging. */
181	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlGetVirtualProcessorState;
182	/* Info about the VidSetVirtualProcessorState I/O control interface - for logging. */
183	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlSetVirtualProcessorState;
184	/** Pointer to what nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging should fill in. */
185	static NEMWINIOCTL *g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging;
186	#endif
187
188	#ifdef NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
189	/** Mapping slot for CPU #0.
190	* @{ */
191	static VID_MESSAGE_MAPPING_HEADER *g_pMsgSlotMapping = NULL;
192	static const HV_MESSAGE_HEADER *g_pHvMsgHdr;
193	static const HV_X64_INTERCEPT_MESSAGE_HEADER *g_pX64MsgHdr;
194	/** @} */
195	#endif
196
197
198	/*
199	* Let the preprocessor alias the APIs to import variables for better autocompletion.
200	*/
201	#ifndef IN_SLICKEDIT
202	# define WHvGetCapability g_pfnWHvGetCapability
203	# define WHvCreatePartition g_pfnWHvCreatePartition
204	# define WHvSetupPartition g_pfnWHvSetupPartition
205	# define WHvDeletePartition g_pfnWHvDeletePartition
206	# define WHvGetPartitionProperty g_pfnWHvGetPartitionProperty
207	# define WHvSetPartitionProperty g_pfnWHvSetPartitionProperty
208	# define WHvMapGpaRange g_pfnWHvMapGpaRange
209	# define WHvUnmapGpaRange g_pfnWHvUnmapGpaRange
210	# define WHvTranslateGva g_pfnWHvTranslateGva
211	# define WHvCreateVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvCreateVirtualProcessor
212	# define WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvDeleteVirtualProcessor
213	# define WHvRunVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvRunVirtualProcessor
214	# define WHvGetRunExitContextSize g_pfnWHvGetRunExitContextSize
215	# define WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor
216	# define WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters g_pfnWHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters
217	# define WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters g_pfnWHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters
218
219	# define VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext g_pfnVidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext
220	# define VidStartVirtualProcessor g_pfnVidStartVirtualProcessor
221	# define VidStopVirtualProcessor g_pfnVidStopVirtualProcessor
222
223	#endif
224
225	/** WHV_MEMORY_ACCESS_TYPE names */
226	static const char * const g_apszWHvMemAccesstypes[4] = { "read", "write", "exec", "!undefined!" };
227
228
229	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
230	* Internal Functions *
231	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
232
233	/*
234	* Instantate the code we share with ring-0.
235	*/
236	#ifdef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
237	# define NEM_WIN_TEMPLATE_MODE_OWN_RUN_API
238	#else
239	# undef NEM_WIN_TEMPLATE_MODE_OWN_RUN_API
240	#endif
241	#include "../VMMAll/NEMAllNativeTemplate-win.cpp.h"
242
243
244
245	#ifdef NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
246	/**
247	* Wrapper that logs the call from VID.DLL.
248	*
249	* This is very handy for figuring out why an API call fails.
250	*/
251	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
252	nemR3WinLogWrapper_NtDeviceIoControlFile(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
253	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
254	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
255	{
256
257	char szFunction[32];
258	const char *pszFunction;
259	if (uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction)
260	pszFunction = "VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext";
261	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction)
262	pszFunction = "VidStartVirtualProcessor";
263	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction)
264	pszFunction = "VidStopVirtualProcessor";
265	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap.uFunction)
266	pszFunction = "VidMessageSlotMap";
267	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlGetVirtualProcessorState.uFunction)
268	pszFunction = "VidGetVirtualProcessorState";
269	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlSetVirtualProcessorState.uFunction)
270	pszFunction = "VidSetVirtualProcessorState";
271	else
272	{
273	RTStrPrintf(szFunction, sizeof(szFunction), "%#x", uFunction);
274	pszFunction = szFunction;
275	}
276
277	if (cbInput > 0 && pvInput)
278	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: %s/input: %.*Rhxs\n", pszFunction, RT_MIN(cbInput, 32), pvInput));
279	NTSTATUS rcNt = g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile(hFile, hEvt, pfnApcCallback, pvApcCtx, pIos, uFunction,
280	pvInput, cbInput, pvOutput, cbOutput);
281	if (!hEvt && !pfnApcCallback && !pvApcCtx)
282	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: hFile=%#zx pIos=%p->{s:%#x, i:%#zx} uFunction=%s Input=%p LB %#x Output=%p LB %#x) -> %#x; Caller=%p\n",
283	hFile, pIos, pIos->Status, pIos->Information, pszFunction, pvInput, cbInput, pvOutput, cbOutput, rcNt, ASMReturnAddress()));
284	else
285	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: hFile=%#zx hEvt=%#zx Apc=%p/%p pIos=%p->{s:%#x, i:%#zx} uFunction=%s Input=%p LB %#x Output=%p LB %#x) -> %#x; Caller=%p\n",
286	hFile, hEvt, pfnApcCallback, pvApcCtx, pIos, pIos->Status, pIos->Information, pszFunction,
287	pvInput, cbInput, pvOutput, cbOutput, rcNt, ASMReturnAddress()));
288	if (cbOutput > 0 && pvOutput)
289	{
290	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: %s/output: %.*Rhxs\n", pszFunction, RT_MIN(cbOutput, 32), pvOutput));
291	if (uFunction == 0x2210cc && g_pMsgSlotMapping == NULL && cbOutput >= sizeof(void *))
292	{
293	g_pMsgSlotMapping = (VID_MESSAGE_MAPPING_HEADER *)pvOutput;
294	g_pHvMsgHdr = (const HV_MESSAGE_HEADER *)(g_pMsgSlotMapping + 1);
295	g_pX64MsgHdr = (const HV_X64_INTERCEPT_MESSAGE_HEADER *)(g_pHvMsgHdr + 1);
296	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: Message slot mapping: %p\n", g_pMsgSlotMapping));
297	}
298	}
299	if ( g_pMsgSlotMapping
300	&& ( uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction
301	\|\| uFunction == g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction
302	\|\| uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap.uFunction
303	))
304	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: enmVidMsgType=%#x cb=%#x msg=%#x payload=%u cs:rip=%04x:%08RX64 (%s)\n",
305	g_pMsgSlotMapping->enmVidMsgType, g_pMsgSlotMapping->cbMessage,
306	g_pHvMsgHdr->MessageType, g_pHvMsgHdr->PayloadSize,
307	g_pX64MsgHdr->CsSegment.Selector, g_pX64MsgHdr->Rip, pszFunction));
308
309	return rcNt;
310	}
311	#endif /* NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS */
312
313
314	/**
315	* Patches the call table of VID.DLL so we can intercept NtDeviceIoControlFile.
316	*
317	* This is for used to figure out the I/O control codes and in logging builds
318	* for logging API calls that WinHvPlatform.dll does.
319	*
320	* @returns VBox status code.
321	* @param hLdrModVid The VID module handle.
322	* @param pErrInfo Where to return additional error information.
323	*/
324	static int nemR3WinInitVidIntercepts(RTLDRMOD hLdrModVid, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
325	{
326	/*
327	* Locate the real API.
328	*/
329	g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile = (decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) *)RTLdrGetSystemSymbol("NTDLL.DLL", "NtDeviceIoControlFile");
330	AssertReturn(g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile != NULL,
331	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Failed to resolve NtDeviceIoControlFile from NTDLL.DLL"));
332
333	/*
334	* Locate the PE header and get what we need from it.
335	*/
336	uint8_t const pbImage = (uint8_t const )RTLdrGetNativeHandle(hLdrModVid);
337	IMAGE_DOS_HEADER const pMzHdr = (IMAGE_DOS_HEADER const )pbImage;
338	AssertReturn(pMzHdr->e_magic == IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE,
339	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL mapping doesn't start with MZ signature: %#x", pMzHdr->e_magic));
340	IMAGE_NT_HEADERS const pNtHdrs = (IMAGE_NT_HEADERS const )&pbImage[pMzHdr->e_lfanew];
341	AssertReturn(pNtHdrs->Signature == IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE,
342	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL has invalid PE signaturre: %#x @%#x",
343	pNtHdrs->Signature, pMzHdr->e_lfanew));
344
345	uint32_t const cbImage = pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage;
346	IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY const ImportDir = pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT];
347
348	/*
349	* Walk the import descriptor table looking for NTDLL.DLL.
350	*/
351	AssertReturn( ImportDir.Size > 0
352	&& ImportDir.Size < cbImage,
353	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad import directory size: %#x", ImportDir.Size));
354	AssertReturn( ImportDir.VirtualAddress > 0
355	&& ImportDir.VirtualAddress <= cbImage - ImportDir.Size,
356	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad import directory RVA: %#x", ImportDir.VirtualAddress));
357
358	for (PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR pImps = (PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)&pbImage[ImportDir.VirtualAddress];
359	pImps->Name != 0 && pImps->FirstThunk != 0;
360	pImps++)
361	{
362	AssertReturn(pImps->Name < cbImage,
363	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad import directory entry name: %#x", pImps->Name));
364	const char pszModName = (const char )&pbImage[pImps->Name];
365	if (RTStrICmpAscii(pszModName, "ntdll.dll"))
366	continue;
367	AssertReturn(pImps->FirstThunk < cbImage,
368	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad FirstThunk: %#x", pImps->FirstThunk));
369	AssertReturn(pImps->OriginalFirstThunk < cbImage,
370	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad FirstThunk: %#x", pImps->FirstThunk));
371
372	/*
373	* Walk the thunks table(s) looking for NtDeviceIoControlFile.
374	*/
375	PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA pFirstThunk = (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)&pbImage[pImps->FirstThunk]; /* update this. */
376	PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA pThunk = pImps->OriginalFirstThunk == 0 /* read from this. */
377	? (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)&pbImage[pImps->FirstThunk]
378	: (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)&pbImage[pImps->OriginalFirstThunk];
379	while (pThunk->u1.Ordinal != 0)
380	{
381	if (!(pThunk->u1.Ordinal & IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG32))
382	{
383	AssertReturn(pThunk->u1.Ordinal > 0 && pThunk->u1.Ordinal < cbImage,
384	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad FirstThunk: %#x", pImps->FirstThunk));
385
386	const char pszSymbol = (const char )&pbImage[(uintptr_t)pThunk->u1.AddressOfData + 2];
387	if (strcmp(pszSymbol, "NtDeviceIoControlFile") == 0)
388	{
389	DWORD fOldProt = PAGE_READONLY;
390	VirtualProtect(&pFirstThunk->u1.Function, sizeof(uintptr_t), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &fOldProt);
391	g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = (decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) **)&pFirstThunk->u1.Function;
392	/* Don't restore the protection here, so we modify the NtDeviceIoControlFile pointer later. */
393	}
394	}
395
396	pThunk++;
397	pFirstThunk++;
398	}
399	}
400
401	if (*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile)
402	{
403	#ifdef NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
404	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinLogWrapper_NtDeviceIoControlFile;
405	#endif
406	return VINF_SUCCESS;
407	}
408	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Failed to patch NtDeviceIoControlFile import in VID.DLL!");
409	}
410
411
412	/**
413	* Worker for nemR3NativeInit that probes and load the native API.
414	*
415	* @returns VBox status code.
416	* @param fForced Whether the HMForced flag is set and we should
417	* fail if we cannot initialize.
418	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
419	*/
420	static int nemR3WinInitProbeAndLoad(bool fForced, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
421	{
422	/*
423	* Check that the DLL files we need are present, but without loading them.
424	* We'd like to avoid loading them unnecessarily.
425	*/
426	WCHAR wszPath[MAX_PATH + 64];
427	UINT cwcPath = GetSystemDirectoryW(wszPath, MAX_PATH);
428	if (cwcPath >= MAX_PATH \|\| cwcPath < 2)
429	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "GetSystemDirectoryW failed (%#x / %u)", cwcPath, GetLastError());
430
431	if (wszPath[cwcPath - 1] != '\\' \|\| wszPath[cwcPath - 1] != '/')
432	wszPath[cwcPath++] = '\\';
433	RTUtf16CopyAscii(&wszPath[cwcPath], RT_ELEMENTS(wszPath) - cwcPath, "WinHvPlatform.dll");
434	if (GetFileAttributesW(wszPath) == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
435	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "The native API dll was not found (%ls)", wszPath);
436
437	/*
438	* Check that we're in a VM and that the hypervisor identifies itself as Hyper-V.
439	*/
440	if (!ASMHasCpuId())
441	return RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "No CPUID support");
442	if (!ASMIsValidStdRange(ASMCpuId_EAX(0)))
443	return RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "No CPUID leaf #1");
444	if (!(ASMCpuId_ECX(1) & X86_CPUID_FEATURE_ECX_HVP))
445	return RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "Not in a hypervisor partition (HVP=0)");
446
447	uint32_t cMaxHyperLeaf = 0;
448	uint32_t uEbx = 0;
449	uint32_t uEcx = 0;
450	uint32_t uEdx = 0;
451	ASMCpuIdExSlow(0x40000000, 0, 0, 0, &cMaxHyperLeaf, &uEbx, &uEcx, &uEdx);
452	if (!ASMIsValidHypervisorRange(cMaxHyperLeaf))
453	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "Invalid hypervisor CPUID range (%#x %#x %#x %#x)",
454	cMaxHyperLeaf, uEbx, uEcx, uEdx);
455	if ( uEbx != UINT32_C(0x7263694d) /* Micr */
456	\|\| uEcx != UINT32_C(0x666f736f) /* osof */
457	\|\| uEdx != UINT32_C(0x76482074) /* t Hv */)
458	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE,
459	"Not Hyper-V CPUID signature: %#x %#x %#x (expected %#x %#x %#x)",
460	uEbx, uEcx, uEdx, UINT32_C(0x7263694d), UINT32_C(0x666f736f), UINT32_C(0x76482074));
461	if (cMaxHyperLeaf < UINT32_C(0x40000005))
462	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "Too narrow hypervisor CPUID range (%#x)", cMaxHyperLeaf);
463
464	/** @todo would be great if we could recognize a root partition from the
465	* CPUID info, but I currently don't dare do that. */
466
467	/*
468	* Now try load the DLLs and resolve the APIs.
469	*/
470	static const char * const s_apszDllNames[2] = { "WinHvPlatform.dll", "vid.dll" };
471	RTLDRMOD ahMods[2] = { NIL_RTLDRMOD, NIL_RTLDRMOD };
472	int rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
473	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(s_apszDllNames); i++)
474	{
475	int rc2 = RTLdrLoadSystem(s_apszDllNames[i], true /fNoUnload/, &ahMods[i]);
476	if (RT_FAILURE(rc2))
477	{
478	if (!RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo))
479	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, rc2, "Failed to load API DLL: %s: %Rrc", s_apszDllNames[i], rc2);
480	else
481	RTErrInfoAddF(pErrInfo, rc2, "; %s: %Rrc", s_apszDllNames[i], rc2);
482	ahMods[i] = NIL_RTLDRMOD;
483	rc = VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED;
484	}
485	}
486	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
487	rc = nemR3WinInitVidIntercepts(ahMods[1], pErrInfo);
488	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
489	{
490	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(g_aImports); i++)
491	{
492	int rc2 = RTLdrGetSymbol(ahMods[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName, (void **)g_aImports[i].ppfn);
493	if (RT_FAILURE(rc2))
494	{
495	*g_aImports[i].ppfn = NULL;
496
497	LogRel(("NEM: %s: Failed to import %s!%s: %Rrc",
498	g_aImports[i].fOptional ? "info" : fForced ? "fatal" : "error",
499	s_apszDllNames[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName, rc2));
500	if (!g_aImports[i].fOptional)
501	{
502	if (RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo))
503	RTErrInfoAddF(pErrInfo, rc2, ", %s!%s",
504	s_apszDllNames[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName);
505	else
506	rc = RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, rc2, "Failed to import: %s!%s",
507	s_apszDllNames[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName);
508	Assert(RT_FAILURE(rc));
509	}
510	}
511	}
512	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
513	{
514	Assert(!RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo));
515	}
516	}
517
518	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(ahMods); i++)
519	RTLdrClose(ahMods[i]);
520	return rc;
521	}
522
523
524	/**
525	* Wrapper for different WHvGetCapability signatures.
526	*/
527	DECLINLINE(HRESULT) WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHV_CAPABILITY_CODE enmCap, WHV_CAPABILITY *pOutput, uint32_t cbOutput)
528	{
529	return g_pfnWHvGetCapability(enmCap, pOutput, cbOutput, NULL);
530	}
531
532
533	/**
534	* Worker for nemR3NativeInit that gets the hypervisor capabilities.
535	*
536	* @returns VBox status code.
537	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
538	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
539	*/
540	static int nemR3WinInitCheckCapabilities(PVM pVM, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
541	{
542	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX(a_szField, a_szFmt, a_Value) LogRel(("NEM: %-38s= " a_szFmt "\n", a_szField, a_Value))
543	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB_EX(a_szField, a_szFmt, a_Value) LogRel(("NEM: %36s: " a_szFmt "\n", a_szField, a_Value))
544	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB(a_szField, a_Value) NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB_EX(a_szField, "%d", a_Value)
545
546	/*
547	* Is the hypervisor present with the desired capability?
548	*
549	* In build 17083 this translates into:
550	* - CPUID[0x00000001].HVP is set
551	* - CPUID[0x40000000] == "Microsoft Hv"
552	* - CPUID[0x40000001].eax == "Hv#1"
553	* - CPUID[0x40000003].ebx[12] is set.
554	* - VidGetExoPartitionProperty(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, 0x60000, &Ignored) returns
555	* a non-zero value.
556	*/
557	/**
558	* @todo Someone at Microsoft please explain weird API design:
559	* 1. Pointless CapabilityCode duplication int the output;
560	* 2. No output size.
561	*/
562	WHV_CAPABILITY Caps;
563	RT_ZERO(Caps);
564	SetLastError(0);
565	HRESULT hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
566	DWORD rcWin = GetLastError();
567	if (FAILED(hrc))
568	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
569	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
570	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
571	if (!Caps.HypervisorPresent)
572	{
573	if (!RTPathExists(RTPATH_NT_PASSTHRU_PREFIX "Device\\VidExo"))
574	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE,
575	"WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent is FALSE! Make sure you have enabled the 'Windows Hypervisor Platform' feature.");
576	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent is FALSE! (%u)", rcWin);
577	}
578	LogRel(("NEM: WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent is TRUE, so this might work...\n"));
579
580
581	/*
582	* Check what extended VM exits are supported.
583	*/
584	RT_ZERO(Caps);
585	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeExtendedVmExits, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
586	if (FAILED(hrc))
587	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
588	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeExtendedVmExits failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
589	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
590	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeExtendedVmExits", "%'#018RX64", Caps.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64);
591	pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit = RT_BOOL(Caps.ExtendedVmExits.X64MsrExit);
592	pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit = RT_BOOL(Caps.ExtendedVmExits.X64CpuidExit);
593	pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit = RT_BOOL(Caps.ExtendedVmExits.ExceptionExit);
594	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB("fExtendedMsrExit", pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit);
595	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB("fExtendedCpuIdExit", pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit);
596	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB("fExtendedXcptExit", pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit);
597	if (Caps.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64 & ~(uint64_t)7)
598	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown VM exit definitions: %#RX64\n", Caps.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64));
599	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_EXTENDED_VM_EXITS typedef. */
600
601	/*
602	* Check features in case they end up defining any.
603	*/
604	RT_ZERO(Caps);
605	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeFeatures, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
606	if (FAILED(hrc))
607	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
608	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeFeatures failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
609	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
610	if (Caps.Features.AsUINT64 & ~(uint64_t)0)
611	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown feature definitions: %#RX64\n", Caps.Features.AsUINT64));
612	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_CAPABILITY_FEATURES typedef. */
613
614	/*
615	* Check supported exception exit bitmap bits.
616	* We don't currently require this, so we just log failure.
617	*/
618	RT_ZERO(Caps);
619	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeExceptionExitBitmap, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
620	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
621	LogRel(("NEM: Supported exception exit bitmap: %#RX64\n", Caps.ExceptionExitBitmap));
622	else
623	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeExceptionExitBitmap failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
624	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
625
626	/*
627	* Check that the CPU vendor is supported.
628	*/
629	RT_ZERO(Caps);
630	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
631	if (FAILED(hrc))
632	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
633	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
634	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
635	switch (Caps.ProcessorVendor)
636	{
637	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_PROCESSOR_VENDOR typedef. */
638	case WHvProcessorVendorIntel:
639	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor", "%d - Intel", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
640	pVM->nem.s.enmCpuVendor = CPUMCPUVENDOR_INTEL;
641	break;
642	case WHvProcessorVendorAmd:
643	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor", "%d - AMD", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
644	pVM->nem.s.enmCpuVendor = CPUMCPUVENDOR_AMD;
645	break;
646	default:
647	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor", "%d", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
648	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Unknown processor vendor: %d", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
649	}
650
651	/*
652	* CPU features, guessing these are virtual CPU features?
653	*/
654	RT_ZERO(Caps);
655	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorFeatures, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
656	if (FAILED(hrc))
657	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
658	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorFeatures failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
659	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
660	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorFeatures", "%'#018RX64", Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64);
661	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(a_Field) NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB(#a_Field, Caps.ProcessorFeatures.a_Field)
662	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse3Support);
663	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(LahfSahfSupport);
664	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Ssse3Support);
665	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse4_1Support);
666	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse4_2Support);
667	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse4aSupport);
668	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(XopSupport);
669	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(PopCntSupport);
670	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Cmpxchg16bSupport);
671	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Altmovcr8Support);
672	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(LzcntSupport);
673	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(MisAlignSseSupport);
674	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(MmxExtSupport);
675	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Amd3DNowSupport);
676	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ExtendedAmd3DNowSupport);
677	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Page1GbSupport);
678	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(AesSupport);
679	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(PclmulqdqSupport);
680	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(PcidSupport);
681	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Fma4Support);
682	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(F16CSupport);
683	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdRandSupport);
684	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdWrFsGsSupport);
685	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(SmepSupport);
686	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(EnhancedFastStringSupport);
687	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Bmi1Support);
688	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Bmi2Support);
689	/* two reserved bits here, see below */
690	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(MovbeSupport);
691	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Npiep1Support);
692	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(DepX87FPUSaveSupport);
693	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdSeedSupport);
694	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(AdxSupport);
695	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(IntelPrefetchSupport);
696	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(SmapSupport);
697	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(HleSupport);
698	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RtmSupport);
699	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdtscpSupport);
700	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ClflushoptSupport);
701	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ClwbSupport);
702	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ShaSupport);
703	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(X87PointersSavedSupport);
704	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE
705	if (Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64 & (~(RT_BIT_64(43) - 1) \| RT_BIT_64(27) \| RT_BIT_64(28)))
706	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown CPU features: %#RX64\n", Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64));
707	pVM->nem.s.uCpuFeatures.u64 = Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64;
708	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_PROCESSOR_FEATURES typedef. */
709
710	/*
711	* The cache line flush size.
712	*/
713	RT_ZERO(Caps);
714	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorClFlushSize, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
715	if (FAILED(hrc))
716	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
717	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorClFlushSize failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
718	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
719	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorClFlushSize", "2^%u", Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize);
720	if (Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize < 8 && Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize > 9)
721	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Unsupported cache line flush size: %u", Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize);
722	pVM->nem.s.cCacheLineFlushShift = Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize;
723
724	/*
725	* See if they've added more properties that we're not aware of.
726	*/
727	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_CAPABILITY_CODE typedef. */
728	if (!IsDebuggerPresent()) /* Too noisy when in debugger, so skip. */
729	{
730	static const struct
731	{
732	uint32_t iMin, iMax; } s_aUnknowns[] =
733	{
734	{ 0x0004, 0x000f },
735	{ 0x1003, 0x100f },
736	{ 0x2000, 0x200f },
737	{ 0x3000, 0x300f },
738	{ 0x4000, 0x400f },
739	};
740	for (uint32_t j = 0; j < RT_ELEMENTS(s_aUnknowns); j++)
741	for (uint32_t i = s_aUnknowns[j].iMin; i <= s_aUnknowns[j].iMax; i++)
742	{
743	RT_ZERO(Caps);
744	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper((WHV_CAPABILITY_CODE)i, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
745	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
746	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown capability %#x returning: %.*Rhxs\n", i, sizeof(Caps), &Caps));
747	}
748	}
749
750	/*
751	* For proper operation, we require CPUID exits.
752	*/
753	if (!pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit)
754	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Missing required extended CPUID exit support");
755	if (!pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit)
756	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Missing required extended MSR exit support");
757	if (!pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit)
758	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Missing required extended exception exit support");
759
760	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX
761	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB_EX
762	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB
763	return VINF_SUCCESS;
764	}
765
766
767	/**
768	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.
769	*/
770	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
771	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_GetHvPartitionId(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
772	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
773	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
774	{
775	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
776	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
777	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
778	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
779	RT_NOREF(pvInput);
780
781	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvOutput), ("pvOutput=%p\n", pvOutput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
782	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == sizeof(HV_PARTITION_ID), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
783	(HV_PARTITION_ID )pvOutput = NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_ID;
784
785	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbInput = cbInput;
786	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbOutput = cbOutput;
787	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.uFunction = uFunction;
788
789	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
790	}
791
792
793	/**
794	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.
795	*/
796	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
797	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StartVirtualProcessor(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
798	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
799	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
800	{
801	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
802	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
803	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
804	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == sizeof(HV_VP_INDEX), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
805	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
806	AssertLogRelMsgReturn((HV_VP_INDEX )pvInput == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
807	("piCpu=%u\n", (HV_VP_INDEX *)pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
808	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
809	RT_NOREF(pvOutput);
810
811	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbInput = cbInput;
812	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbOutput = cbOutput;
813	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction = uFunction;
814
815	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
816	}
817
818
819	/**
820	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.
821	*/
822	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
823	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StopVirtualProcessor(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
824	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
825	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
826	{
827	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
828	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
829	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
830	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == sizeof(HV_VP_INDEX), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
831	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
832	AssertLogRelMsgReturn((HV_VP_INDEX )pvInput == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
833	("piCpu=%u\n", (HV_VP_INDEX *)pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
834	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
835	RT_NOREF(pvOutput);
836
837	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbInput = cbInput;
838	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbOutput = cbOutput;
839	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction = uFunction;
840
841	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
842	}
843
844
845	/**
846	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext
847	*/
848	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
849	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_MessageSlotHandleAndGetNext(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
850	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
851	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
852	{
853	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
854	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
855	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
856
857	if (g_uBuildNo >= 17758)
858	{
859	/* No timeout since about build 17758, it's now always an infinite wait. So, a somewhat compatible change. */
860	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == RT_UOFFSETOF(VID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT, cMillies),
861	("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput),
862	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
863	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
864	PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT pVidIn = (PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT)pvInput;
865	AssertLogRelMsgReturn( pVidIn->iCpu == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX
866	&& pVidIn->fFlags == VID_MSHAGN_F_HANDLE_MESSAGE,
867	("iCpu=%u fFlags=%#x cMillies=%#x\n", pVidIn->iCpu, pVidIn->fFlags, pVidIn->cMillies),
868	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
869	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
870	}
871	else
872	{
873	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == sizeof(VID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput),
874	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
875	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
876	PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT pVidIn = (PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT)pvInput;
877	AssertLogRelMsgReturn( pVidIn->iCpu == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX
878	&& pVidIn->fFlags == VID_MSHAGN_F_HANDLE_MESSAGE
879	&& pVidIn->cMillies == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_TIMEOUT,
880	("iCpu=%u fFlags=%#x cMillies=%#x\n", pVidIn->iCpu, pVidIn->fFlags, pVidIn->cMillies),
881	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
882	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
883	RT_NOREF(pvOutput);
884	}
885
886	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbInput = cbInput;
887	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbOutput = cbOutput;
888	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction = uFunction;
889
890	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
891	}
892
893
894	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
895	/**
896	* Used to fill in what g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging points to.
897	*/
898	static NTSTATUS WINAPI nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
899	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
900	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
901	{
902	RT_NOREF(hFile, hEvt, pfnApcCallback, pvApcCtx, pIos, pvInput, pvOutput);
903
904	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput = cbInput;
905	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput = cbOutput;
906	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction = uFunction;
907
908	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
909	}
910	#endif
911
912
913	/**
914	* Worker for nemR3NativeInit that detect I/O control function numbers for VID.
915	*
916	* We use the function numbers directly in ring-0 and to name functions when
917	* logging NtDeviceIoControlFile calls.
918	*
919	* @note We could alternatively do this by disassembling the respective
920	* functions, but hooking NtDeviceIoControlFile and making fake calls
921	* more easily provides the desired information.
922	*
923	* @returns VBox status code.
924	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure. Will set I/O
925	* control info members.
926	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
927	*/
928	static int nemR3WinInitDiscoverIoControlProperties(PVM pVM, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
929	{
930	/*
931	* Probe the I/O control information for select VID APIs so we can use
932	* them directly from ring-0 and better log them.
933	*
934	*/
935	decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) * const pfnOrg = *g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile;
936
937	/* VidGetHvPartitionId - must work due to memory. */
938	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_GetHvPartitionId;
939	HV_PARTITION_ID idHvPartition = HV_PARTITION_ID_INVALID;
940	BOOL fRet = g_pfnVidGetHvPartitionId(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, &idHvPartition);
941	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
942	AssertReturn(fRet && idHvPartition == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_ID && g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.uFunction != 0,
943	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
944	"Problem figuring out VidGetHvPartitionId: fRet=%u idHvPartition=%#x dwErr=%u",
945	fRet, idHvPartition, GetLastError()) );
946	LogRel(("NEM: VidGetHvPartitionId -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n",
947	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.uFunction, g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbInput, g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbOutput));
948
949	int rcRet = VINF_SUCCESS;
950	/* VidStartVirtualProcessor */
951	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StartVirtualProcessor;
952	fRet = g_pfnVidStartVirtualProcessor(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX);
953	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
954	AssertStmt(fRet && g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction != 0,
955	rcRet = RTERRINFO_LOG_REL_SET_F(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_RING3_ONLY,
956	"Problem figuring out VidStartVirtualProcessor: fRet=%u dwErr=%u",
957	fRet, GetLastError()) );
958	LogRel(("NEM: VidStartVirtualProcessor -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction,
959	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbInput, g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbOutput));
960
961	/* VidStopVirtualProcessor */
962	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StopVirtualProcessor;
963	fRet = g_pfnVidStopVirtualProcessor(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX);
964	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
965	AssertStmt(fRet && g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction != 0,
966	rcRet = RTERRINFO_LOG_REL_SET_F(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_RING3_ONLY,
967	"Problem figuring out VidStopVirtualProcessor: fRet=%u dwErr=%u",
968	fRet, GetLastError()) );
969	LogRel(("NEM: VidStopVirtualProcessor -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction,
970	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbInput, g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbOutput));
971
972	/* VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext */
973	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_MessageSlotHandleAndGetNext;
974	fRet = g_pfnVidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE,
975	NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX, VID_MSHAGN_F_HANDLE_MESSAGE,
976	NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_TIMEOUT);
977	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
978	AssertStmt(fRet && g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction != 0,
979	rcRet = RTERRINFO_LOG_REL_SET_F(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_RING3_ONLY,
980	"Problem figuring out VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext: fRet=%u dwErr=%u",
981	fRet, GetLastError()) );
982	LogRel(("NEM: VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n",
983	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction, g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbInput,
984	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbOutput));
985
986	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
987	/* The following are only for logging: */
988	union
989	{
990	VID_MAPPED_MESSAGE_SLOT MapSlot;
991	HV_REGISTER_NAME Name;
992	HV_REGISTER_VALUE Value;
993	} uBuf;
994
995	/* VidMessageSlotMap */
996	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = &g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap;
997	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging;
998	fRet = g_pfnVidMessageSlotMap(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, &uBuf.MapSlot, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX);
999	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1000	Assert(fRet);
1001	LogRel(("NEM: VidMessageSlotMap -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction,
1002	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput, g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput));
1003
1004	/* VidGetVirtualProcessorState */
1005	uBuf.Name = HvRegisterExplicitSuspend;
1006	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = &g_IoCtlGetVirtualProcessorState;
1007	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging;
1008	fRet = g_pfnVidGetVirtualProcessorState(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
1009	&uBuf.Name, 1, &uBuf.Value);
1010	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1011	Assert(fRet);
1012	LogRel(("NEM: VidGetVirtualProcessorState -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction,
1013	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput, g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput));
1014
1015	/* VidSetVirtualProcessorState */
1016	uBuf.Name = HvRegisterExplicitSuspend;
1017	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = &g_IoCtlSetVirtualProcessorState;
1018	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging;
1019	fRet = g_pfnVidSetVirtualProcessorState(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
1020	&uBuf.Name, 1, &uBuf.Value);
1021	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1022	Assert(fRet);
1023	LogRel(("NEM: VidSetVirtualProcessorState -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction,
1024	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput, g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput));
1025
1026	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = NULL;
1027	#endif
1028
1029	/* Done. */
1030	pVM->nem.s.IoCtlGetHvPartitionId = g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId;
1031	pVM->nem.s.IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor = g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor;
1032	pVM->nem.s.IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor = g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor;
1033	pVM->nem.s.IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext = g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext;
1034	return rcRet;
1035	}
1036
1037
1038	/**
1039	* Creates and sets up a Hyper-V (exo) partition.
1040	*
1041	* @returns VBox status code.
1042	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1043	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
1044	*/
1045	static int nemR3WinInitCreatePartition(PVM pVM, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
1046	{
1047	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.hPartition, RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_WRONG_ORDER, "Wrong initalization order"));
1048	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice, RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_WRONG_ORDER, "Wrong initalization order"));
1049
1050	/*
1051	* Create the partition.
1052	*/
1053	WHV_PARTITION_HANDLE hPartition;
1054	HRESULT hrc = WHvCreatePartition(&hPartition);
1055	if (FAILED(hrc))
1056	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, "WHvCreatePartition failed with %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1057	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1058
1059	int rc;
1060
1061	/*
1062	* Set partition properties, most importantly the CPU count.
1063	*/
1064	/**
1065	* @todo Someone at Microsoft please explain another weird API:
1066	* - Why this API doesn't take the WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY_CODE value as an
1067	* argument rather than as part of the struct. That is so weird if you've
1068	* used any other NT or windows API, including WHvGetCapability().
1069	* - Why use PVOID when WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY is what's expected. We
1070	* technically only need 9 bytes for setting/getting
1071	* WHVPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize, but the API insists on 16. */
1072	WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY Property;
1073	RT_ZERO(Property);
1074	Property.ProcessorCount = pVM->cCpus;
1075	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorCount, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1076	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1077	{
1078	RT_ZERO(Property);
1079	Property.ExtendedVmExits.X64CpuidExit = pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit; /** @todo Register fixed results and restrict cpuid exits */
1080	Property.ExtendedVmExits.X64MsrExit = pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit;
1081	Property.ExtendedVmExits.ExceptionExit = pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit;
1082	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExtendedVmExits, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1083	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1084	{
1085	/*
1086	* We'll continue setup in nemR3NativeInitAfterCPUM.
1087	*/
1088	pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts = false;
1089	pVM->nem.s.hPartition = hPartition;
1090	LogRel(("NEM: Created partition %p.\n", hPartition));
1091	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1092	}
1093
1094	rc = RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED,
1095	"Failed setting WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExtendedVmExits to %'#RX64: %Rhrc",
1096	Property.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64, hrc);
1097	}
1098	else
1099	rc = RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED,
1100	"Failed setting WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorCount to %u: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1101	pVM->cCpus, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1102	WHvDeletePartition(hPartition);
1103
1104	Assert(!pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice);
1105	Assert(!pVM->nem.s.hPartition);
1106	return rc;
1107	}
1108
1109
1110	/**
1111	* Makes sure APIC and firmware will not allow X2APIC mode.
1112	*
1113	* This is rather ugly.
1114	*
1115	* @returns VBox status code
1116	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1117	*/
1118	static int nemR3WinDisableX2Apic(PVM pVM)
1119	{
1120	/*
1121	* First make sure the 'Mode' config value of the APIC isn't set to X2APIC.
1122	* This defaults to APIC, so no need to change unless it's X2APIC.
1123	*/
1124	PCFGMNODE pCfg = CFGMR3GetChild(CFGMR3GetRoot(pVM), "/Devices/apic/0/Config");
1125	if (pCfg)
1126	{
1127	uint8_t bMode = 0;
1128	int rc = CFGMR3QueryU8(pCfg, "Mode", &bMode);
1129	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_SUCCESS(rc) \|\| rc == VERR_CFGM_VALUE_NOT_FOUND, ("%Rrc\n", rc), rc);
1130	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc) && bMode == PDMAPICMODE_X2APIC)
1131	{
1132	LogRel(("NEM: Adjusting APIC configuration from X2APIC to APIC max mode. X2APIC is not supported by the WinHvPlatform API!\n"));
1133	LogRel(("NEM: Disable Hyper-V if you need X2APIC for your guests!\n"));
1134	rc = CFGMR3RemoveValue(pCfg, "Mode");
1135	rc = CFGMR3InsertInteger(pCfg, "Mode", PDMAPICMODE_APIC);
1136	AssertLogRelRCReturn(rc, rc);
1137	}
1138	}
1139
1140	/*
1141	* Now the firmwares.
1142	* These also defaults to APIC and only needs adjusting if configured to X2APIC (2).
1143	*/
1144	static const char * const s_apszFirmwareConfigs[] =
1145	{
1146	"/Devices/efi/0/Config",
1147	"/Devices/pcbios/0/Config",
1148	};
1149	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(s_apszFirmwareConfigs); i++)
1150	{
1151	pCfg = CFGMR3GetChild(CFGMR3GetRoot(pVM), "/Devices/APIC/0/Config");
1152	if (pCfg)
1153	{
1154	uint8_t bMode = 0;
1155	int rc = CFGMR3QueryU8(pCfg, "APIC", &bMode);
1156	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_SUCCESS(rc) \|\| rc == VERR_CFGM_VALUE_NOT_FOUND, ("%Rrc\n", rc), rc);
1157	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc) && bMode == 2)
1158	{
1159	LogRel(("NEM: Adjusting %s/Mode from 2 (X2APIC) to 1 (APIC).\n", s_apszFirmwareConfigs[i]));
1160	rc = CFGMR3RemoveValue(pCfg, "APIC");
1161	rc = CFGMR3InsertInteger(pCfg, "APIC", 1);
1162	AssertLogRelRCReturn(rc, rc);
1163	}
1164	}
1165	}
1166
1167	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1168	}
1169
1170
1171	/**
1172	* Try initialize the native API.
1173	*
1174	* This may only do part of the job, more can be done in
1175	* nemR3NativeInitAfterCPUM() and nemR3NativeInitCompleted().
1176	*
1177	* @returns VBox status code.
1178	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1179	* @param fFallback Whether we're in fallback mode or use-NEM mode. In
1180	* the latter we'll fail if we cannot initialize.
1181	* @param fForced Whether the HMForced flag is set and we should
1182	* fail if we cannot initialize.
1183	*/
1184	int nemR3NativeInit(PVM pVM, bool fFallback, bool fForced)
1185	{
1186	g_uBuildNo = RTSystemGetNtBuildNo();
1187
1188	/*
1189	* Some state init.
1190	*/
1191	pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled = true;
1192	#if 0
1193	for (VMCPUID iCpu = 0; iCpu < pVM->cCpus; iCpu++)
1194	{
1195	PNEMCPU pNemCpu = &pVM->aCpus[iCpu].nem.s;
1196	}
1197	#endif
1198
1199	/*
1200	* Error state.
1201	* The error message will be non-empty on failure and 'rc' will be set too.
1202	*/
1203	RTERRINFOSTATIC ErrInfo;
1204	PRTERRINFO pErrInfo = RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo);
1205	int rc = nemR3WinInitProbeAndLoad(fForced, pErrInfo);
1206	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1207	{
1208	/*
1209	* Check the capabilties of the hypervisor, starting with whether it's present.
1210	*/
1211	rc = nemR3WinInitCheckCapabilities(pVM, pErrInfo);
1212	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1213	{
1214	/*
1215	* Discover the VID I/O control function numbers we need.
1216	*/
1217	rc = nemR3WinInitDiscoverIoControlProperties(pVM, pErrInfo);
1218	if (rc == VERR_NEM_RING3_ONLY)
1219	{
1220	if (pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop)
1221	{
1222	LogRel(("NEM: Disabling UseRing0Runloop.\n"));
1223	pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop = false;
1224	}
1225	rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
1226	}
1227	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1228	{
1229	/*
1230	* Check out our ring-0 capabilities.
1231	*/
1232	rc = SUPR3CallVMMR0Ex(pVM->pVMR0, 0 /idCpu/, VMMR0_DO_NEM_INIT_VM, 0, NULL);
1233	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1234	{
1235	/*
1236	* Create and initialize a partition.
1237	*/
1238	rc = nemR3WinInitCreatePartition(pVM, pErrInfo);
1239	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1240	{
1241	VM_SET_MAIN_EXECUTION_ENGINE(pVM, VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API);
1242	Log(("NEM: Marked active!\n"));
1243	nemR3WinDisableX2Apic(pVM);
1244
1245	/* Register release statistics */
1246	for (VMCPUID iCpu = 0; iCpu < pVM->cCpus; iCpu++)
1247	{
1248	PNEMCPU pNemCpu = &pVM->aCpus[iCpu].nem.s;
1249	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitPortIo, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of port I/O exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitPortIo", iCpu);
1250	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitMemUnmapped, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of unmapped memory exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitMemUnmapped", iCpu);
1251	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitMemIntercept, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of intercepted memory exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitMemIntercept", iCpu);
1252	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitHalt, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of HLT exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitHalt", iCpu);
1253	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitInterruptWindow, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of HLT exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitInterruptWindow", iCpu);
1254	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitCpuId, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of CPUID exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitCpuId", iCpu);
1255	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitMsr, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of MSR access exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitMsr", iCpu);
1256	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitException, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of exception exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitException", iCpu);
1257	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionBp, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of #BP exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionBp", iCpu);
1258	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionDb, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of #DB exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionDb", iCpu);
1259	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionUd, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of #UD exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionUd", iCpu);
1260	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionUdHandled, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of handled #UD exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionUdHandled", iCpu);
1261	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitUnrecoverable, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of unrecoverable exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitUnrecoverable", iCpu);
1262	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatGetMsgTimeout, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of get message timeouts/alerts", "/NEM/CPU%u/GetMsgTimeout", iCpu);
1263	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuSuccess, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of successful CPU stops", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuSuccess", iCpu);
1264	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuPending, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of pending CPU stops", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuPending", iCpu);
1265	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuPendingAlerts,STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of pending CPU stop alerts", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuPendingAlerts", iCpu);
1266	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuPendingOdd, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of odd pending CPU stops (see code)", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuPendingOdd", iCpu);
1267	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatCancelChangedState, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of cancel changed state", "/NEM/CPU%u/CancelChangedState", iCpu);
1268	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatCancelAlertedThread, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of cancel alerted EMT", "/NEM/CPU%u/CancelAlertedEMT", iCpu);
1269	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnFFPre, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of pre execution FF breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnFFPre", iCpu);
1270	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnFFPost, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of post execution FF breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnFFPost", iCpu);
1271	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnCancel, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of cancel execution breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnCancel", iCpu);
1272	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnStatus, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of status code breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnStatus", iCpu);
1273	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatImportOnDemand, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of on-demand state imports", "/NEM/CPU%u/ImportOnDemand", iCpu);
1274	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatImportOnReturn, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of state imports on loop return", "/NEM/CPU%u/ImportOnReturn", iCpu);
1275	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatImportOnReturnSkipped, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of skipped state imports on loop return", "/NEM/CPU%u/ImportOnReturnSkipped", iCpu);
1276	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatQueryCpuTick, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of TSC queries", "/NEM/CPU%u/QueryCpuTick", iCpu);
1277	}
1278
1279	PUVM pUVM = pVM->pUVM;
1280	STAMR3RegisterRefresh(pUVM, &pVM->nem.s.R0Stats.cPagesAvailable, STAMTYPE_U64, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1281	STAMUNIT_PAGES, STAM_REFRESH_GRP_NEM, "Free pages available to the hypervisor",
1282	"/NEM/R0Stats/cPagesAvailable");
1283	STAMR3RegisterRefresh(pUVM, &pVM->nem.s.R0Stats.cPagesInUse, STAMTYPE_U64, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1284	STAMUNIT_PAGES, STAM_REFRESH_GRP_NEM, "Pages in use by hypervisor",
1285	"/NEM/R0Stats/cPagesInUse");
1286	}
1287	}
1288	}
1289	}
1290	}
1291
1292	/*
1293	* We only fail if in forced mode, otherwise just log the complaint and return.
1294	*/
1295	Assert(pVM->bMainExecutionEngine == VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API \|\| RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo));
1296	if ( (fForced \|\| !fFallback)
1297	&& pVM->bMainExecutionEngine != VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API)
1298	return VMSetError(pVM, RT_SUCCESS_NP(rc) ? VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE : rc, RT_SRC_POS, "%s", pErrInfo->pszMsg);
1299
1300	if (RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo))
1301	LogRel(("NEM: Not available: %s\n", pErrInfo->pszMsg));
1302	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1303	}
1304
1305
1306	/**
1307	* This is called after CPUMR3Init is done.
1308	*
1309	* @returns VBox status code.
1310	* @param pVM The VM handle..
1311	*/
1312	int nemR3NativeInitAfterCPUM(PVM pVM)
1313	{
1314	/*
1315	* Validate sanity.
1316	*/
1317	WHV_PARTITION_HANDLE hPartition = pVM->nem.s.hPartition;
1318	AssertReturn(hPartition != NULL, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1319	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1320	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1321	AssertReturn(pVM->bMainExecutionEngine == VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1322
1323	/*
1324	* Continue setting up the partition now that we've got most of the CPUID feature stuff.
1325	*/
1326	WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY Property;
1327	HRESULT hrc;
1328
1329	#if 0
1330	/* Not sure if we really need to set the vendor.
1331	Update: Apparently we don't. WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorVendor was removed in 17110. */
1332	RT_ZERO(Property);
1333	Property.ProcessorVendor = pVM->nem.s.enmCpuVendor == CPUMCPUVENDOR_AMD ? WHvProcessorVendorAmd
1334	: WHvProcessorVendorIntel;
1335	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorVendor, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1336	if (FAILED(hrc))
1337	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1338	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorVendor to %u: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1339	Property.ProcessorVendor, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1340	#endif
1341
1342	/* Not sure if we really need to set the cache line flush size. */
1343	RT_ZERO(Property);
1344	Property.ProcessorClFlushSize = pVM->nem.s.cCacheLineFlushShift;
1345	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1346	if (FAILED(hrc))
1347	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1348	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize to %u: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1349	pVM->nem.s.cCacheLineFlushShift, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1350
1351	/* Intercept #DB, #BP and #UD exceptions. */
1352	RT_ZERO(Property);
1353	Property.ExceptionExitBitmap = RT_BIT_64(WHvX64ExceptionTypeDebugTrapOrFault)
1354	\| RT_BIT_64(WHvX64ExceptionTypeBreakpointTrap)
1355	\| RT_BIT_64(WHvX64ExceptionTypeInvalidOpcodeFault);
1356	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExceptionExitBitmap, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1357	if (FAILED(hrc))
1358	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1359	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExceptionExitBitmap to %#RX64: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1360	Property.ExceptionExitBitmap, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1361
1362
1363	/*
1364	* Sync CPU features with CPUM.
1365	*/
1366	/** @todo sync CPU features with CPUM. */
1367
1368	/* Set the partition property. */
1369	RT_ZERO(Property);
1370	Property.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64 = pVM->nem.s.uCpuFeatures.u64;
1371	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorFeatures, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1372	if (FAILED(hrc))
1373	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1374	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorFeatures to %'#RX64: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1375	pVM->nem.s.uCpuFeatures.u64, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1376
1377	/*
1378	* Set up the partition and create EMTs.
1379	*
1380	* Seems like this is where the partition is actually instantiated and we get
1381	* a handle to it.
1382	*/
1383	hrc = WHvSetupPartition(hPartition);
1384	if (FAILED(hrc))
1385	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1386	"Call to WHvSetupPartition failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1387	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1388
1389	/* Get the handle. */
1390	HANDLE hPartitionDevice;
1391	__try
1392	{
1393	hPartitionDevice = ((HANDLE *)hPartition)[1];
1394	}
1395	__except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
1396	{
1397	hrc = GetExceptionCode();
1398	hPartitionDevice = NULL;
1399	}
1400	if ( hPartitionDevice == NULL
1401	\|\| hPartitionDevice == (HANDLE)(intptr_t)-1)
1402	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1403	"Failed to get device handle for partition %p: %Rhrc", hPartition, hrc);
1404
1405	HV_PARTITION_ID idHvPartition = HV_PARTITION_ID_INVALID;
1406	if (!g_pfnVidGetHvPartitionId(hPartitionDevice, &idHvPartition))
1407	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1408	"Failed to get device handle and/or partition ID for %p (hPartitionDevice=%p, Last=%#x/%u)",
1409	hPartition, hPartitionDevice, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1410	pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice = hPartitionDevice;
1411	pVM->nem.s.idHvPartition = idHvPartition;
1412
1413	/*
1414	* Setup the EMTs.
1415	*/
1416	VMCPUID iCpu;
1417	for (iCpu = 0; iCpu < pVM->cCpus; iCpu++)
1418	{
1419	PVMCPU pVCpu = &pVM->aCpus[iCpu];
1420
1421	pVCpu->nem.s.hNativeThreadHandle = (RTR3PTR)RTThreadGetNativeHandle(VMR3GetThreadHandle(pVCpu->pUVCpu));
1422	Assert((HANDLE)pVCpu->nem.s.hNativeThreadHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
1423
1424	#ifndef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
1425	# ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP
1426	if (!pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop)
1427	# endif
1428	{
1429	hrc = WHvCreateVirtualProcessor(hPartition, iCpu, 0 /fFlags/);
1430	if (FAILED(hrc))
1431	{
1432	NTSTATUS const rcNtLast = RTNtLastStatusValue();
1433	DWORD const dwErrLast = RTNtLastErrorValue();
1434	while (iCpu-- > 0)
1435	{
1436	HRESULT hrc2 = WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(hPartition, iCpu);
1437	AssertLogRelMsg(SUCCEEDED(hrc2), ("WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(%p, %u) -> %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)\n",
1438	hPartition, iCpu, hrc2, RTNtLastStatusValue(),
1439	RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1440	}
1441	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1442	"Call to WHvSetupPartition failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)", hrc, rcNtLast, dwErrLast);
1443	}
1444	}
1445	# ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP
1446	else
1447	# endif
1448	#endif /* !NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API */
1449	#if defined(NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP) \|\| defined(NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API)
1450	{
1451	VID_MAPPED_MESSAGE_SLOT MappedMsgSlot = { NULL, UINT32_MAX, UINT32_MAX };
1452	if (g_pfnVidMessageSlotMap(hPartitionDevice, &MappedMsgSlot, iCpu))
1453	{
1454	AssertLogRelMsg(MappedMsgSlot.iCpu == iCpu && MappedMsgSlot.uParentAdvisory == UINT32_MAX,
1455	("%#x %#x (iCpu=%#x)\n", MappedMsgSlot.iCpu, MappedMsgSlot.uParentAdvisory, iCpu));
1456	pVCpu->nem.s.pvMsgSlotMapping = MappedMsgSlot.pMsgBlock;
1457	}
1458	else
1459	{
1460	NTSTATUS const rcNtLast = RTNtLastStatusValue();
1461	DWORD const dwErrLast = RTNtLastErrorValue();
1462	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1463	"Call to WHvSetupPartition failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)", hrc, rcNtLast, dwErrLast);
1464	}
1465	}
1466	#endif
1467	}
1468	pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts = true;
1469
1470	/*
1471	* Do some more ring-0 initialization now that we've got the partition handle.
1472	*/
1473	int rc = VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, &pVM->aCpus[0], VMMR0_DO_NEM_INIT_VM_PART_2, 0, NULL);
1474	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1475	{
1476	LogRel(("NEM: Successfully set up partition (device handle %p, partition ID %#llx)\n", hPartitionDevice, idHvPartition));
1477
1478	#if 1
1479	VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, &pVM->aCpus[0], VMMR0_DO_NEM_UPDATE_STATISTICS, 0, NULL);
1480	LogRel(("NEM: Memory balance: %#RX64 out of %#RX64 pages in use\n",
1481	pVM->nem.s.R0Stats.cPagesInUse, pVM->nem.s.R0Stats.cPagesAvailable));
1482	#endif
1483
1484	/*
1485	* Register statistics on shared pages.
1486	*/
1487	/** @todo HvCallMapStatsPage */
1488
1489	/*
1490	* Adjust features.
1491	* Note! We've already disabled X2APIC via CFGM during the first init call.
1492	*/
1493
1494	#if 0 && defined(DEBUG_bird)
1495	/*
1496	* Poke and probe a little.
1497	*/
1498	PVMCPU pVCpu = &pVM->aCpus[0];
1499	uint32_t aRegNames[1024];
1500	HV_REGISTER_VALUE aRegValues[1024];
1501	uint32_t aPropCodes[128];
1502	uint64_t aPropValues[128];
1503	for (int iOuter = 0; iOuter < 5; iOuter++)
1504	{
1505	LogRel(("\niOuter %d\n", iOuter));
1506	# if 1
1507	/* registers */
1508	uint32_t iRegValue = 0;
1509	uint32_t cRegChanges = 0;
1510	for (uint32_t iReg = 0; iReg < 0x001101ff; iReg++)
1511	{
1512	if (iOuter != 0 && aRegNames[iRegValue] > iReg)
1513	continue;
1514	RT_ZERO(pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment);
1515	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uItem = iReg;
1516	int rc2 = VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, pVCpu, VMMR0_DO_NEM_EXPERIMENT, 0, NULL);
1517	AssertLogRelRCBreak(rc2);
1518	if (pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.fSuccess)
1519	{
1520	LogRel(("Register %#010x = %#18RX64, %#18RX64\n", iReg,
1521	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue, pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue));
1522	if (iReg == HvX64RegisterTsc)
1523	{
1524	uint64_t uTsc = ASMReadTSC();
1525	LogRel(("TSC = %#18RX64; Delta %#18RX64 or %#18RX64\n",
1526	uTsc, pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue - uTsc, uTsc - pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue));
1527	}
1528
1529	if (iOuter == 0)
1530	aRegNames[iRegValue] = iReg;
1531	else if( aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.Low64 != pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue
1532	\|\| aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.High64 != pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue)
1533	{
1534	LogRel(("Changed from %#18RX64, %#18RX64 !!\n",
1535	aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.Low64, aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.High64));
1536	LogRel(("Delta %#18RX64, %#18RX64 !!\n",
1537	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue - aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.Low64,
1538	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue - aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.High64));
1539	cRegChanges++;
1540	}
1541	aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.Low64 = pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue;
1542	aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.High64 = pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue;
1543	iRegValue++;
1544	AssertBreak(iRegValue < RT_ELEMENTS(aRegValues));
1545	}
1546	}
1547	LogRel(("Found %u registers, %u changed\n", iRegValue, cRegChanges));
1548	# endif
1549	# if 1
1550	/* partition properties */
1551	uint32_t iPropValue = 0;
1552	uint32_t cPropChanges = 0;
1553	for (uint32_t iProp = 0; iProp < 0xc11ff; iProp++)
1554	{
1555	if (iProp == HvPartitionPropertyDebugChannelId /* hangs host */)
1556	continue;
1557	if (iOuter != 0 && aPropCodes[iPropValue] > iProp)
1558	continue;
1559	RT_ZERO(pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment);
1560	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uItem = iProp;
1561	int rc2 = VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, pVCpu, VMMR0_DO_NEM_EXPERIMENT, 1, NULL);
1562	AssertLogRelRCBreak(rc2);
1563	if (pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.fSuccess)
1564	{
1565	LogRel(("Property %#010x = %#18RX64\n", iProp, pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue));
1566	if (iOuter == 0)
1567	aPropCodes[iPropValue] = iProp;
1568	else if (aPropValues[iPropValue] != pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue)
1569	{
1570	LogRel(("Changed from %#18RX64, delta %#18RX64!!\n",
1571	aPropValues[iPropValue], pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue - aPropValues[iPropValue]));
1572	cRegChanges++;
1573	}
1574	aPropValues[iPropValue] = pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue;
1575	iPropValue++;
1576	AssertBreak(iPropValue < RT_ELEMENTS(aPropValues));
1577	}
1578	}
1579	LogRel(("Found %u properties, %u changed\n", iPropValue, cPropChanges));
1580	# endif
1581
1582	/* Modify the TSC register value and see what changes. */
1583	if (iOuter != 0)
1584	{
1585	RT_ZERO(pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment);
1586	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uItem = HvX64RegisterTsc;
1587	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue = UINT64_C(0x00000fffffffffff) >> iOuter;
1588	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue = UINT64_C(0x0011100000000000) << iOuter;
1589	VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, pVCpu, VMMR0_DO_NEM_EXPERIMENT, 2, NULL);
1590	LogRel(("Setting HvX64RegisterTsc -> %RTbool (%#RX64)\n", pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.fSuccess, pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uStatus));
1591	}
1592
1593	RT_ZERO(pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment);
1594	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uItem = HvX64RegisterTsc;
1595	VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, pVCpu, VMMR0_DO_NEM_EXPERIMENT, 0, NULL);
1596	LogRel(("HvX64RegisterTsc = %#RX64, %#RX64\n", pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue, pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue));
1597	}
1598
1599	#endif
1600	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1601	}
1602	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS, "Call to NEMR0InitVMPart2 failed: %Rrc", rc);
1603	}
1604
1605
1606	int nemR3NativeInitCompleted(PVM pVM, VMINITCOMPLETED enmWhat)
1607	{
1608	//BOOL fRet = SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), 0);
1609	//AssertLogRel(fRet);
1610
1611	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(enmWhat);
1612	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1613	}
1614
1615
1616	int nemR3NativeTerm(PVM pVM)
1617	{
1618	/*
1619	* Delete the partition.
1620	*/
1621	WHV_PARTITION_HANDLE hPartition = pVM->nem.s.hPartition;
1622	pVM->nem.s.hPartition = NULL;
1623	pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice = NULL;
1624	if (hPartition != NULL)
1625	{
1626	VMCPUID iCpu = pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts ? pVM->cCpus : 0;
1627	LogRel(("NEM: Destroying partition %p with its %u VCpus...\n", hPartition, iCpu));
1628	while (iCpu-- > 0)
1629	{
1630	pVM->aCpus[iCpu].nem.s.pvMsgSlotMapping = NULL;
1631	#ifndef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
1632	# ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP
1633	if (!pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop)
1634	# endif
1635	{
1636	HRESULT hrc = WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(hPartition, iCpu);
1637	AssertLogRelMsg(SUCCEEDED(hrc), ("WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(%p, %u) -> %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)\n",
1638	hPartition, iCpu, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(),
1639	RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1640	}
1641	#endif
1642	}
1643	WHvDeletePartition(hPartition);
1644	}
1645	pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts = false;
1646	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1647	}
1648
1649
1650	/**
1651	* VM reset notification.
1652	*
1653	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1654	*/
1655	void nemR3NativeReset(PVM pVM)
1656	{
1657	/* Unfix the A20 gate. */
1658	pVM->nem.s.fA20Fixed = false;
1659	}
1660
1661
1662	/**
1663	* Reset CPU due to INIT IPI or hot (un)plugging.
1664	*
1665	* @param pVCpu The cross context virtual CPU structure of the CPU being
1666	* reset.
1667	* @param fInitIpi Whether this is the INIT IPI or hot (un)plugging case.
1668	*/
1669	void nemR3NativeResetCpu(PVMCPU pVCpu, bool fInitIpi)
1670	{
1671	/* Lock the A20 gate if INIT IPI, make sure it's enabled. */
1672	if (fInitIpi && pVCpu->idCpu > 0)
1673	{
1674	PVM pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);
1675	if (!pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled)
1676	nemR3NativeNotifySetA20(pVCpu, true);
1677	pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled = true;
1678	pVM->nem.s.fA20Fixed = true;
1679	}
1680	}
1681
1682
1683	VBOXSTRICTRC nemR3NativeRunGC(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu)
1684	{
1685	#ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP
1686	if (pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop)
1687	{
1688	for (;;)
1689	{
1690	VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = VMMR3CallR0EmtFast(pVM, pVCpu, VMMR0_DO_NEM_RUN);
1691	if (RT_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
1692	{
1693	/*
1694	* We deal with VINF_NEM_FLUSH_TLB here, since we're running the risk of
1695	* getting these while we already got another RC (I/O ports).
1696	*/
1697	/* Status codes: */
1698	VBOXSTRICTRC rcPending = pVCpu->nem.s.rcPending;
1699	pVCpu->nem.s.rcPending = VINF_SUCCESS;
1700	if (rcStrict == VINF_NEM_FLUSH_TLB \|\| rcPending == VINF_NEM_FLUSH_TLB)
1701	{
1702	LogFlow(("nemR3NativeRunGC: calling PGMFlushTLB...\n"));
1703	int rc = PGMFlushTLB(pVCpu, CPUMGetGuestCR3(pVCpu), true);
1704	AssertRCReturn(rc, rc);
1705	if (rcStrict == VINF_NEM_FLUSH_TLB)
1706	{
1707	if ( !VM_FF_IS_ANY_SET(pVM, VM_FF_HIGH_PRIORITY_POST_MASK \| VM_FF_HP_R0_PRE_HM_MASK)
1708	&& !VMCPU_FF_IS_ANY_SET(pVCpu, (VMCPU_FF_HIGH_PRIORITY_POST_MASK \| VMCPU_FF_HP_R0_PRE_HM_MASK)
1709	& ~VMCPU_FF_RESUME_GUEST_MASK))
1710	{
1711	VMCPU_FF_CLEAR(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_RESUME_GUEST_MASK);
1712	continue;
1713	}
1714	rcStrict = VINF_SUCCESS;
1715	}
1716	}
1717	else
1718	AssertMsg(rcPending == VINF_SUCCESS, ("rcPending=%Rrc\n", VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcPending) ));
1719	}
1720	LogFlow(("nemR3NativeRunGC: returns %Rrc\n", VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict) ));
1721	return rcStrict;
1722	}
1723	}
1724	#endif
1725	return nemHCWinRunGC(pVM, pVCpu, NULL /pGVM/, NULL /pGVCpu/);
1726	}
1727
1728
1729	bool nemR3NativeCanExecuteGuest(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu)
1730	{
1731	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(pVCpu);
1732	return true;
1733	}
1734
1735
1736	bool nemR3NativeSetSingleInstruction(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, bool fEnable)
1737	{
1738	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(pVCpu); NOREF(fEnable);
1739	return false;
1740	}
1741
1742
1743	/**
1744	* Forced flag notification call from VMEmt.h.
1745	*
1746	* This is only called when pVCpu is in the VMCPUSTATE_STARTED_EXEC_NEM state.
1747	*
1748	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1749	* @param pVCpu The cross context virtual CPU structure of the CPU
1750	* to be notified.
1751	* @param fFlags Notification flags, VMNOTIFYFF_FLAGS_XXX.
1752	*/
1753	void nemR3NativeNotifyFF(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, uint32_t fFlags)
1754	{
1755	#ifdef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
1756	nemHCWinCancelRunVirtualProcessor(pVM, pVCpu);
1757	#else
1758	# ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP
1759	if (pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop)
1760	nemHCWinCancelRunVirtualProcessor(pVM, pVCpu);
1761	else
1762	# endif
1763	{
1764	Log8(("nemR3NativeNotifyFF: canceling %u\n", pVCpu->idCpu));
1765	HRESULT hrc = WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, pVCpu->idCpu, 0);
1766	AssertMsg(SUCCEEDED(hrc), ("WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor -> hrc=%Rhrc\n", hrc));
1767	RT_NOREF_PV(hrc);
1768	}
1769	#endif
1770	RT_NOREF_PV(fFlags);
1771	}
1772
1773
1774	DECLINLINE(int) nemR3NativeGCPhys2R3PtrReadOnly(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, const void **ppv)
1775	{
1776	PGMPAGEMAPLOCK Lock;
1777	int rc = PGMPhysGCPhys2CCPtrReadOnly(pVM, GCPhys, ppv, &Lock);
1778	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1779	PGMPhysReleasePageMappingLock(pVM, &Lock);
1780	return rc;
1781	}
1782
1783
1784	DECLINLINE(int) nemR3NativeGCPhys2R3PtrWriteable(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, void **ppv)
1785	{
1786	PGMPAGEMAPLOCK Lock;
1787	int rc = PGMPhysGCPhys2CCPtr(pVM, GCPhys, ppv, &Lock);
1788	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1789	PGMPhysReleasePageMappingLock(pVM, &Lock);
1790	return rc;
1791	}
1792
1793
1794	int nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRamRegister(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb)
1795	{
1796	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRamRegister: %RGp LB %RGp\n", GCPhys, cb));
1797	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(GCPhys); NOREF(cb);
1798	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1799	}
1800
1801
1802	int nemR3NativeNotifyPhysMmioExMap(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t fFlags, void *pvMmio2)
1803	{
1804	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysMmioExMap: %RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x pvMmio2=%p\n", GCPhys, cb, fFlags, pvMmio2));
1805	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(GCPhys); NOREF(cb); NOREF(fFlags); NOREF(pvMmio2);
1806	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1807	}
1808
1809
1810	int nemR3NativeNotifyPhysMmioExUnmap(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t fFlags)
1811	{
1812	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysMmioExUnmap: %RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x\n", GCPhys, cb, fFlags));
1813	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(GCPhys); NOREF(cb); NOREF(fFlags);
1814	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1815	}
1816
1817
1818	/**
1819	* Called early during ROM registration, right after the pages have been
1820	* allocated and the RAM range updated.
1821	*
1822	* This will be succeeded by a number of NEMHCNotifyPhysPageProtChanged() calls
1823	* and finally a NEMR3NotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly().
1824	*
1825	* @returns VBox status code
1826	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1827	* @param GCPhys The ROM address (page aligned).
1828	* @param cb The size (page aligned).
1829	* @param fFlags NEM_NOTIFY_PHYS_ROM_F_XXX.
1830	*/
1831	int nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t fFlags)
1832	{
1833	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly: %RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x\n", GCPhys, cb, fFlags));
1834	#if 0 /* Let's not do this after all. We'll protection change notifications for each page and if not we'll map them lazily. */
1835	RTGCPHYS const cPages = cb >> X86_PAGE_SHIFT;
1836	for (RTGCPHYS iPage = 0; iPage < cPages; iPage++, GCPhys += X86_PAGE_SIZE)
1837	{
1838	const void *pvPage;
1839	int rc = nemR3NativeGCPhys2R3PtrReadOnly(pVM, GCPhys, &pvPage);
1840	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1841	{
1842	HRESULT hrc = WHvMapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, (void *)pvPage, GCPhys, X86_PAGE_SIZE,
1843	WHvMapGpaRangeFlagRead \| WHvMapGpaRangeFlagExecute);
1844	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1845	{ /* likely */ }
1846	else
1847	{
1848	LogRel(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly: GCPhys=%RGp hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1849	GCPhys, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1850	return VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED;
1851	}
1852	}
1853	else
1854	{
1855	LogRel(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly: GCPhys=%RGp rc=%Rrc\n", GCPhys, rc));
1856	return rc;
1857	}
1858	}
1859	#else
1860	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(GCPhys); NOREF(cb);
1861	#endif
1862	RT_NOREF_PV(fFlags);
1863	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1864	}
1865
1866
1867	/**
1868	* Called after the ROM range has been fully completed.
1869	*
1870	* This will be preceeded by a NEMR3NotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly() call as well a
1871	* number of NEMHCNotifyPhysPageProtChanged calls.
1872	*
1873	* @returns VBox status code
1874	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1875	* @param GCPhys The ROM address (page aligned).
1876	* @param cb The size (page aligned).
1877	* @param fFlags NEM_NOTIFY_PHYS_ROM_F_XXX.
1878	*/
1879	int nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterLate(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t fFlags)
1880	{
1881	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterLate: %RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x\n", GCPhys, cb, fFlags));
1882	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(GCPhys); NOREF(cb); NOREF(fFlags);
1883	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1884	}
1885
1886
1887	/**
1888	* @callback_method_impl{FNPGMPHYSNEMCHECKPAGE}
1889	*/
1890	static DECLCALLBACK(int) nemR3WinUnsetForA20CheckerCallback(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, RTGCPHYS GCPhys,
1891	PPGMPHYSNEMPAGEINFO pInfo, void *pvUser)
1892	{
1893	/* We'll just unmap the memory. */
1894	if (pInfo->u2NemState > NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_UNMAPPED)
1895	{
1896	#ifdef NEM_WIN_USE_HYPERCALLS_FOR_PAGES
1897	int rc = nemHCWinHypercallUnmapPage(pVM, pVCpu, GCPhys);
1898	AssertRC(rc);
1899	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1900	#else
1901	HRESULT hrc = WHvUnmapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, GCPhys, X86_PAGE_SIZE);
1902	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1903	#endif
1904	{
1905	uint32_t cMappedPages = ASMAtomicDecU32(&pVM->nem.s.cMappedPages); NOREF(cMappedPages);
1906	Log5(("NEM GPA unmapped/A20: %RGp (was %s, cMappedPages=%u)\n", GCPhys, g_apszPageStates[pInfo->u2NemState], cMappedPages));
1907	pInfo->u2NemState = NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_UNMAPPED;
1908	}
1909	else
1910	{
1911	#ifdef NEM_WIN_USE_HYPERCALLS_FOR_PAGES
1912	LogRel(("nemR3WinUnsetForA20CheckerCallback/unmap: GCPhys=%RGp rc=%Rrc\n", GCPhys, rc));
1913	return rc;
1914	#else
1915	LogRel(("nemR3WinUnsetForA20CheckerCallback/unmap: GCPhys=%RGp hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1916	GCPhys, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1917	return VERR_INTERNAL_ERROR_2;
1918	#endif
1919	}
1920	}
1921	RT_NOREF(pVCpu, pvUser);
1922	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1923	}
1924
1925
1926	/**
1927	* Unmaps a page from Hyper-V for the purpose of emulating A20 gate behavior.
1928	*
1929	* @returns The PGMPhysNemQueryPageInfo result.
1930	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1931	* @param pVCpu The cross context virtual CPU structure.
1932	* @param GCPhys The page to unmap.
1933	*/
1934	static int nemR3WinUnmapPageForA20Gate(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, RTGCPHYS GCPhys)
1935	{
1936	PGMPHYSNEMPAGEINFO Info;
1937	return PGMPhysNemPageInfoChecker(pVM, pVCpu, GCPhys, false /fMakeWritable/, &Info,
1938	nemR3WinUnsetForA20CheckerCallback, NULL);
1939	}
1940
1941
1942	/**
1943	* Called when the A20 state changes.
1944	*
1945	* Hyper-V doesn't seem to offer a simple way of implementing the A20 line
1946	* features of PCs. So, we do a very minimal emulation of the HMA to make DOS
1947	* happy.
1948	*
1949	* @param pVCpu The CPU the A20 state changed on.
1950	* @param fEnabled Whether it was enabled (true) or disabled.
1951	*/
1952	void nemR3NativeNotifySetA20(PVMCPU pVCpu, bool fEnabled)
1953	{
1954	Log(("nemR3NativeNotifySetA20: fEnabled=%RTbool\n", fEnabled));
1955	PVM pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);
1956	if (!pVM->nem.s.fA20Fixed)
1957	{
1958	pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled = fEnabled;
1959	for (RTGCPHYS GCPhys = _1M; GCPhys < _1M + _64K; GCPhys += X86_PAGE_SIZE)
1960	nemR3WinUnmapPageForA20Gate(pVM, pVCpu, GCPhys);
1961	}
1962	}
1963
1964
1965	/** @page pg_nem_win NEM/win - Native Execution Manager, Windows.
1966	*
1967	* On Windows the Hyper-V root partition (dom0 in zen terminology) does not have
1968	* nested VT-x or AMD-V capabilities. Early on raw-mode worked inside it, but
1969	* for a while now we've been getting \#GPs when trying to modify CR4 in the
1970	* world switcher. So, when Hyper-V is active on Windows we have little choice
1971	* but to use Hyper-V to run our VMs.
1972	*
1973	*
1974	* @section sub_nem_win_whv The WinHvPlatform API
1975	*
1976	* Since Windows 10 build 17083 there is a documented API for managing Hyper-V
1977	* VMs: header file WinHvPlatform.h and implementation in WinHvPlatform.dll.
1978	* This interface is a wrapper around the undocumented Virtualization
1979	* Infrastructure Driver (VID) API - VID.DLL and VID.SYS. The wrapper is
1980	* written in C++, namespaced, early versions (at least) was using standard C++
1981	* container templates in several places.
1982	*
1983	* When creating a VM using WHvCreatePartition, it will only create the
1984	* WinHvPlatform structures for it, to which you get an abstract pointer. The
1985	* VID API that actually creates the partition is first engaged when you call
1986	* WHvSetupPartition after first setting a lot of properties using
1987	* WHvSetPartitionProperty. Since the VID API is just a very thin wrapper
1988	* around CreateFile and NtDeviceIoControlFile, it returns an actual HANDLE for
1989	* the partition to WinHvPlatform. We fish this HANDLE out of the WinHvPlatform
1990	* partition structures because we need to talk directly to VID for reasons
1991	* we'll get to in a bit. (Btw. we could also intercept the CreateFileW or
1992	* NtDeviceIoControlFile calls from VID.DLL to get the HANDLE should fishing in
1993	* the partition structures become difficult.)
1994	*
1995	* The WinHvPlatform API requires us to both set the number of guest CPUs before
1996	* setting up the partition and call WHvCreateVirtualProcessor for each of them.
1997	* The CPU creation function boils down to a VidMessageSlotMap call that sets up
1998	* and maps a message buffer into ring-3 for async communication with hyper-V
1999	* and/or the VID.SYS thread actually running the CPU thru
2000	* WinHvRunVpDispatchLoop(). When for instance a VMEXIT is encountered, hyper-V
2001	* sends a message that the WHvRunVirtualProcessor API retrieves (and later
2002	* acknowledges) via VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext. Since or about build
2003	* 17757 a register page is also mapped into user space when creating the
2004	* virtual CPU. It should be noteded that WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor doesn't do
2005	* much as there seems to be no partner function VidMessagesSlotMap that
2006	* reverses what it did.
2007	*
2008	* Memory is managed thru calls to WHvMapGpaRange and WHvUnmapGpaRange (GPA does
2009	* not mean grade point average here, but rather guest physical addressspace),
2010	* which corresponds to VidCreateVaGpaRangeSpecifyUserVa and VidDestroyGpaRange
2011	* respectively. As 'UserVa' indicates, the functions works on user process
2012	* memory. The mappings are also subject to quota restrictions, so the number
2013	* of ranges are limited and probably their total size as well. Obviously
2014	* VID.SYS keeps track of the ranges, but so does WinHvPlatform, which means
2015	* there is a bit of overhead involved and quota restrctions makes sense.
2016	*
2017	* Running guest code is done through the WHvRunVirtualProcessor function. It
2018	* asynchronously starts or resumes hyper-V CPU execution and then waits for an
2019	* VMEXIT message. Hyper-V / VID.SYS will return information about the message
2020	* in the message buffer mapping, and WHvRunVirtualProcessor will convert that
2021	* finto it's own WHV_RUN_VP_EXIT_CONTEXT format.
2022	*
2023	* Other threads can interrupt the execution by using WHvCancelVirtualProcessor,
2024	* which since or about build 17757 uses VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext to do
2025	* the work (earlier builds would open the waiting thread, do a dummy
2026	* QueueUserAPC on it, and let it upon return use VidStopVirtualProcessor to
2027	* do the actual stopping). While there is certainly a race between cancelation
2028	* and the CPU causing a natural VMEXIT, it is not known whether this still
2029	* causes extra work on subsequent WHvRunVirtualProcessor calls (it did in and
2030	* earlier 17134).
2031	*
2032	* Registers are retrieved and set via WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters and
2033	* WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters. In addition, several VMEXITs include
2034	* essential register state in the exit context information, potentially making
2035	* it possible to emulate the instruction causing the exit without involving
2036	* WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters.
2037	*
2038	*
2039	* @subsection subsec_nem_win_whv_cons Issues & Feedback
2040	*
2041	* Here are some observations (mostly against build 17101):
2042	*
2043	* - The VMEXIT performance is dismal (build 17134).
2044	*
2045	* Our proof of concept implementation with a kernel runloop (i.e. not using
2046	* WHvRunVirtualProcessor and friends, but calling VID.SYS fast I/O control
2047	* entry point directly) delivers 9-10% of the port I/O performance and only
2048	* 6-7% of the MMIO performance that we have with our own hypervisor.
2049	*
2050	* When using the offical WinHvPlatform API, the numbers are %3 for port I/O
2051	* and 5% for MMIO.
2052	*
2053	* While the tests we've done are using tight tight loops only doing port I/O
2054	* and MMIO, the problem is clearly visible when running regular guest OSes.
2055	* Anything that hammers the VGA device would be suffering, for example:
2056	*
2057	* - Windows 2000 boot screen animation overloads us with MMIO exits
2058	* and won't even boot because all the time is spent in interrupt
2059	* handlers and redrawin the screen.
2060	*
2061	* - DSL 4.4 and its bootmenu logo is slower than molasses in january.
2062	*
2063	* We have not found a workaround for this yet.
2064	*
2065	* Something that might improve the issue a little is to detect blocks with
2066	* excessive MMIO and port I/O exits and emulate instructions to cover
2067	* multiple exits before letting Hyper-V have a go at the guest execution
2068	* again. This will only improve the situation under some circumstances,
2069	* since emulating instructions without recompilation can be expensive, so
2070	* there will only be real gains if the exitting instructions are tightly
2071	* packed.
2072	*
2073	* Update: Security fixes during the summer of 2018 caused the performance to
2074	* dropped even more.
2075	*
2076	* Update [build 17757]: Some performance improvements here, but they don't
2077	* yet make up for what was lost this summer.
2078	*
2079	*
2080	* - We need a way to directly modify the TSC offset (or bias if you like).
2081	*
2082	* The current approach of setting the WHvX64RegisterTsc register one by one
2083	* on each virtual CPU in sequence will introduce random inaccuracies,
2084	* especially if the thread doing the job is reschduled at a bad time.
2085	*
2086	*
2087	* - Unable to access WHvX64RegisterMsrMtrrCap (build 17134).
2088	*
2089	*
2090	* - On AMD Ryzen grub/debian 9.0 ends up with a unrecoverable exception
2091	* when IA32_MTRR_PHYSMASK0 is written.
2092	*
2093	*
2094	* - The IA32_APIC_BASE register does not work right:
2095	*
2096	* - Attempts by the guest to clear bit 11 (EN) are ignored, both the
2097	* guest and the VMM reads back the old value.
2098	*
2099	* - Attempts to modify the base address (bits NN:12) seems to be ignored
2100	* in the same way.
2101	*
2102	* - The VMM can modify both the base address as well as the the EN and
2103	* BSP bits, however this is useless if we cannot intercept the WRMSR.
2104	*
2105	* - Attempts by the guest to set the EXTD bit (X2APIC) result in \#GP(0),
2106	* while the VMM ends up with with ERROR_HV_INVALID_PARAMETER. Seems
2107	* there is no way to support X2APIC.
2108	*
2109	*
2110	* - Not sure if this is a thing, but WHvCancelVirtualProcessor seems to cause
2111	* cause a lot more spurious WHvRunVirtualProcessor returns that what we get
2112	* with the replacement code. By spurious returns we mean that the
2113	* subsequent call to WHvRunVirtualProcessor would return immediately.
2114	*
2115	* Update [build 17757]: New cancelation code might have addressed this, but
2116	* haven't had time to test it yet.
2117	*
2118	*
2119	* - There is no API for modifying protection of a page within a GPA range.
2120	*
2121	* From what we can tell, the only way to modify the protection (like readonly
2122	* -> writable, or vice versa) is to first unmap the range and then remap it
2123	* with the new protection.
2124	*
2125	* We are for instance doing this quite a bit in order to track dirty VRAM
2126	* pages. VRAM pages starts out as readonly, when the guest writes to a page
2127	* we take an exit, notes down which page it is, makes it writable and restart
2128	* the instruction. After refreshing the display, we reset all the writable
2129	* pages to readonly again, bulk fashion.
2130	*
2131	* Now to work around this issue, we do page sized GPA ranges. In addition to
2132	* add a lot of tracking overhead to WinHvPlatform and VID.SYS, this also
2133	* causes us to exceed our quota before we've even mapped a default sized
2134	* (128MB) VRAM page-by-page. So, to work around this quota issue we have to
2135	* lazily map pages and actively restrict the number of mappings.
2136	*
2137	* Our best workaround thus far is bypassing WinHvPlatform and VID entirely
2138	* when in comes to guest memory management and instead use the underlying
2139	* hypercalls (HvCallMapGpaPages, HvCallUnmapGpaPages) to do it ourselves.
2140	* (This also maps a whole lot better into our own guest page management
2141	* infrastructure.)
2142	*
2143	* Update [build 17757]: Introduces a KVM like dirty logging API which could
2144	* help tracking dirty VGA pages, while being useless for shadow ROM and
2145	* devices trying catch the guest updating descriptors and such.
2146	*
2147	*
2148	* - Observed problems doing WHvUnmapGpaRange immediately followed by
2149	* WHvMapGpaRange.
2150	*
2151	* As mentioned above, we've been forced to use this sequence when modifying
2152	* page protection. However, when transitioning from readonly to writable,
2153	* we've ended up looping forever with the same write to readonly memory
2154	* VMEXIT. We're wondering if this issue might be related to the lazy mapping
2155	* logic in WinHvPlatform.
2156	*
2157	* Workaround: Insert a WHvRunVirtualProcessor call and make sure to get a GPA
2158	* unmapped exit between the two calls. Not entirely great performance wise
2159	* (or the santity of our code).
2160	*
2161	*
2162	* - Implementing A20 gate behavior is tedious, where as correctly emulating the
2163	* A20M# pin (present on 486 and later) is near impossible for SMP setups
2164	* (e.g. possiblity of two CPUs with different A20 status).
2165	*
2166	* Workaround: Only do A20 on CPU 0, restricting the emulation to HMA. We
2167	* unmap all pages related to HMA (0x100000..0x10ffff) when the A20 state
2168	* changes, lazily syncing the right pages back when accessed.
2169	*
2170	*
2171	* - WHVRunVirtualProcessor wastes time converting VID/Hyper-V messages to its
2172	* own format (WHV_RUN_VP_EXIT_CONTEXT).
2173	*
2174	* We understand this might be because Microsoft wishes to remain free to
2175	* modify the VID/Hyper-V messages, but it's still rather silly and does slow
2176	* things down a little. We'd much rather just process the messages directly.
2177	*
2178	*
2179	* - WHVRunVirtualProcessor would've benefited from using a callback interface:
2180	*
2181	* - The potential size changes of the exit context structure wouldn't be
2182	* an issue, since the function could manage that itself.
2183	*
2184	* - State handling could probably be simplified (like cancelation).
2185	*
2186	*
2187	* - WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters and WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters
2188	* internally converts register names, probably using temporary heap buffers.
2189	*
2190	* From the looks of things, they are converting from WHV_REGISTER_NAME to
2191	* HV_REGISTER_NAME from in the "Virtual Processor Register Names" section in
2192	* the "Hypervisor Top-Level Functional Specification" document. This feels
2193	* like an awful waste of time.
2194	*
2195	* We simply cannot understand why HV_REGISTER_NAME isn't used directly here,
2196	* or at least the same values, making any conversion reduntant. Restricting
2197	* access to certain registers could easily be implement by scanning the
2198	* inputs.
2199	*
2200	* To avoid the heap + conversion overhead, we're currently using the
2201	* HvCallGetVpRegisters and HvCallSetVpRegisters calls directly, at least for
2202	* the ring-0 code.
2203	*
2204	* Update [build 17757]: Register translation has been very cleverly
2205	* optimized and made table driven (2 top level tables, 4 + 1 leaf tables).
2206	* Register information consists of the 32-bit HV register name, register page
2207	* offset, and flags (giving valid offset, size and more). Register
2208	* getting/settings seems to be done by hoping that the register page provides
2209	* it all, and falling back on the VidSetVirtualProcessorState if one or more
2210	* registers are not available there.
2211	*
2212	* Note! We have currently not updated our ring-0 code to take the register
2213	* page into account, so it's suffering a little compared to the ring-3 code
2214	* that now uses the offical APIs for registers.
2215	*
2216	*
2217	* - The YMM and XCR0 registers are not yet named (17083). This probably
2218	* wouldn't be a problem if HV_REGISTER_NAME was used, see previous point.
2219	*
2220	* Update [build 17757]: XCR0 is added. YMM register values seems to be put
2221	* into a yet undocumented XsaveState interface. Approach is a little bulky,
2222	* but saves number of enums and dispenses with register transation. Also,
2223	* the underlying Vid setter API duplicates the input buffer on the heap,
2224	* adding a 16 byte header.
2225	*
2226	*
2227	* - Why does VID.SYS only query/set 32 registers at the time thru the
2228	* HvCallGetVpRegisters and HvCallSetVpRegisters hypercalls?
2229	*
2230	* We've not trouble getting/setting all the registers defined by
2231	* WHV_REGISTER_NAME in one hypercall (around 80). Some kind of stack
2232	* buffering or similar?
2233	*
2234	*
2235	* - To handle the VMMCALL / VMCALL instructions, it seems we need to intercept
2236	* \#UD exceptions and inspect the opcodes. A dedicated exit for hypercalls
2237	* would be more efficient, esp. for guests using \#UD for other purposes..
2238	*
2239	*
2240	* - Wrong instruction length in the VpContext with unmapped GPA memory exit
2241	* contexts on 17115/AMD.
2242	*
2243	* One byte "PUSH CS" was reported as 2 bytes, while a two byte
2244	* "MOV [EBX],EAX" was reported with a 1 byte instruction length. Problem
2245	* naturally present in untranslated hyper-v messages.
2246	*
2247	*
2248	* - The I/O port exit context information seems to be missing the address size
2249	* information needed for correct string I/O emulation.
2250	*
2251	* VT-x provides this information in bits 7:9 in the instruction information
2252	* field on newer CPUs. AMD-V in bits 7:9 in the EXITINFO1 field in the VMCB.
2253	*
2254	* We can probably work around this by scanning the instruction bytes for
2255	* address size prefixes. Haven't investigated it any further yet.
2256	*
2257	*
2258	* - Querying WHvCapabilityCodeExceptionExitBitmap returns zero even when
2259	* intercepts demonstrably works (17134).
2260	*
2261	*
2262	* - Querying HvPartitionPropertyDebugChannelId via HvCallGetPartitionProperty
2263	* (hypercall) hangs the host (17134).
2264	*
2265	*
2266	*
2267	* Old concerns that have been addressed:
2268	*
2269	* - The WHvCancelVirtualProcessor API schedules a dummy usermode APC callback
2270	* in order to cancel any current or future alertable wait in VID.SYS during
2271	* the VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext call.
2272	*
2273	* IIRC this will make the kernel schedule the specified callback thru
2274	* NTDLL!KiUserApcDispatcher by modifying the thread context and quite
2275	* possibly the userland thread stack. When the APC callback returns to
2276	* KiUserApcDispatcher, it will call NtContinue to restore the old thread
2277	* context and resume execution from there. This naturally adds up to some
2278	* CPU cycles, ring transitions aren't for free, especially after Spectre &
2279	* Meltdown mitigations.
2280	*
2281	* Using NtAltertThread call could do the same without the thread context
2282	* modifications and the extra kernel call.
2283	*
2284	* Update: All concerns have addressed in or about build 17757.
2285	*
2286	* The WHvCancelVirtualProcessor API is now implemented using a new
2287	* VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext() flag (4). Codepath is slightly longer
2288	* than NtAlertThread, but has the added benefit that spurious wakeups can be
2289	* more easily reduced.
2290	*
2291	*
2292	* - When WHvRunVirtualProcessor returns without a message, or on a terse
2293	* VID message like HLT, it will make a kernel call to get some registers.
2294	* This is potentially inefficient if the caller decides he needs more
2295	* register state.
2296	*
2297	* It would be better to just return what's available and let the caller fetch
2298	* what is missing from his point of view in a single kernel call.
2299	*
2300	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in or about build 17757. Selected
2301	* registers are now available via shared memory and thus HLT should (not
2302	* verified) no longer require a system call to compose the exit context data.
2303	*
2304	*
2305	* - The WHvRunVirtualProcessor implementation does lazy GPA range mappings when
2306	* a unmapped GPA message is received from hyper-V.
2307	*
2308	* Since MMIO is currently realized as unmapped GPA, this will slow down all
2309	* MMIO accesses a tiny little bit as WHvRunVirtualProcessor looks up the
2310	* guest physical address to check if it is a pending lazy mapping.
2311	*
2312	* The lazy mapping feature makes no sense to us. We as API user have all the
2313	* information and can do lazy mapping ourselves if we want/have to (see next
2314	* point).
2315	*
2316	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in or about build 17757.
2317	*
2318	*
2319	* - The WHvGetCapability function has a weird design:
2320	* - The CapabilityCode parameter is pointlessly duplicated in the output
2321	* structure (WHV_CAPABILITY).
2322	*
2323	* - API takes void pointer, but everyone will probably be using
2324	* WHV_CAPABILITY due to WHV_CAPABILITY::CapabilityCode making it
2325	* impractical to use anything else.
2326	*
2327	* - No output size.
2328	*
2329	* - See GetFileAttributesEx, GetFileInformationByHandleEx,
2330	* FindFirstFileEx, and others for typical pattern for generic
2331	* information getters.
2332	*
2333	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in build 17110.
2334	*
2335	*
2336	* - The WHvGetPartitionProperty function uses the same weird design as
2337	* WHvGetCapability, see above.
2338	*
2339	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in build 17110.
2340	*
2341	*
2342	* - The WHvSetPartitionProperty function has a totally weird design too:
2343	* - In contrast to its partner WHvGetPartitionProperty, the property code
2344	* is not a separate input parameter here but part of the input
2345	* structure.
2346	*
2347	* - The input structure is a void pointer rather than a pointer to
2348	* WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY which everyone probably will be using because
2349	* of the WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY::PropertyCode field.
2350	*
2351	* - Really, why use PVOID for the input when the function isn't accepting
2352	* minimal sizes. E.g. WHVPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize only
2353	* requires a 9 byte input, but the function insists on 16 bytes (17083).
2354	*
2355	* - See GetFileAttributesEx, SetFileInformationByHandle, FindFirstFileEx,
2356	* and others for typical pattern for generic information setters and
2357	* getters.
2358	*
2359	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in build 17110.
2360	*
2361	*
2362	*
2363	* @section sec_nem_win_impl Our implementation.
2364	*
2365	* We set out with the goal of wanting to run as much as possible in ring-0,
2366	* reasoning that this would give use the best performance.
2367	*
2368	* This goal was approached gradually, starting out with a pure WinHvPlatform
2369	* implementation, gradually replacing parts: register access, guest memory
2370	* handling, running virtual processors. Then finally moving it all into
2371	* ring-0, while keeping most of it configurable so that we could make
2372	* comparisons (see NEMInternal.h and nemR3NativeRunGC()).
2373	*
2374	*
2375	* @subsection subsect_nem_win_impl_ioctl VID.SYS I/O control calls
2376	*
2377	* To run things in ring-0 we need to talk directly to VID.SYS thru its I/O
2378	* control interface. Looking at changes between like build 17083 and 17101 (if
2379	* memory serves) a set of the VID I/O control numbers shifted a little, which
2380	* means we need to determin them dynamically. We currently do this by hooking
2381	* the NtDeviceIoControlFile API call from VID.DLL and snooping up the
2382	* parameters when making dummy calls to relevant APIs. (We could also
2383	* disassemble the relevant APIs and try fish out the information from that, but
2384	* this is way simpler.)
2385	*
2386	* Issuing I/O control calls from ring-0 is facing a small challenge with
2387	* respect to direct buffering. When using direct buffering the device will
2388	* typically check that the buffer is actually in the user address space range
2389	* and reject kernel addresses. Fortunately, we've got the cross context VM
2390	* structure that is mapped into both kernel and user space, it's also locked
2391	* and safe to access from kernel space. So, we place the I/O control buffers
2392	* in the per-CPU part of it (NEMCPU::uIoCtlBuf) and give the driver the user
2393	* address if direct access buffering or kernel address if not.
2394	*
2395	* The I/O control calls are 'abstracted' in the support driver, see
2396	* SUPR0IoCtlSetupForHandle(), SUPR0IoCtlPerform() and SUPR0IoCtlCleanup().
2397	*
2398	*
2399	* @subsection subsect_nem_win_impl_cpumctx CPUMCTX
2400	*
2401	* Since the CPU state needs to live in Hyper-V when executing, we probably
2402	* should not transfer more than necessary when handling VMEXITs. To help us
2403	* manage this CPUMCTX got a new field CPUMCTX::fExtrn that to indicate which
2404	* part of the state is currently externalized (== in Hyper-V).
2405	*
2406	*
2407	* @subsection sec_nem_win_benchmarks Benchmarks.
2408	*
2409	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_bs2t1 17134/2018-06-22: Bootsector2-test1
2410	*
2411	* This is ValidationKit/bootsectors/bootsector2-test1.asm as of 2018-06-22
2412	* (internal r123172) running a the release build of VirtualBox from the same
2413	* source, though with exit optimizations disabled. Host is AMD Threadripper 1950X
2414	* running out an up to date 64-bit Windows 10 build 17134.
2415	*
2416	* The base line column is using the official WinHv API for everything but physical
2417	* memory mapping. The 2nd column is the default NEM/win configuration where we
2418	* put the main execution loop in ring-0, using hypercalls when we can and VID for
2419	* managing execution. The 3rd column is regular VirtualBox using AMD-V directly,
2420	* hyper-V is disabled, main execution loop in ring-0.
2421	*
2422	* @verbatim
2423	TESTING... WinHv API Hypercalls + VID VirtualBox AMD-V
2424	32-bit paged protected mode, CPUID : 108 874 ins/sec 113% / 123 602 1198% / 1 305 113
2425	32-bit pae protected mode, CPUID : 106 722 ins/sec 115% / 122 740 1232% / 1 315 201
2426	64-bit long mode, CPUID : 106 798 ins/sec 114% / 122 111 1198% / 1 280 404
2427	16-bit unpaged protected mode, CPUID : 106 835 ins/sec 114% / 121 994 1216% / 1 299 665
2428	32-bit unpaged protected mode, CPUID : 105 257 ins/sec 115% / 121 772 1235% / 1 300 860
2429	real mode, CPUID : 104 507 ins/sec 116% / 121 800 1228% / 1 283 848
2430	CPUID EAX=1 : PASSED
2431	32-bit paged protected mode, RDTSC : 99 581 834 ins/sec 100% / 100 323 307 93% / 93 473 299
2432	32-bit pae protected mode, RDTSC : 99 620 585 ins/sec 100% / 99 960 952 84% / 83 968 839
2433	64-bit long mode, RDTSC : 100 540 009 ins/sec 100% / 100 946 372 93% / 93 652 826
2434	16-bit unpaged protected mode, RDTSC : 99 688 473 ins/sec 100% / 100 097 751 76% / 76 281 287
2435	32-bit unpaged protected mode, RDTSC : 98 385 857 ins/sec 102% / 100 510 404 94% / 93 379 536
2436	real mode, RDTSC : 100 087 967 ins/sec 101% / 101 386 138 93% / 93 234 999
2437	RDTSC : PASSED
2438	32-bit paged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 156 102 ins/sec 98% / 2 121 967 17114% / 369 009 009
2439	32-bit pae protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 163 820 ins/sec 98% / 2 133 804 17469% / 377 999 261
2440	64-bit long mode, Read CR4 : 2 164 822 ins/sec 98% / 2 128 698 18875% / 408 619 313
2441	16-bit unpaged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 162 367 ins/sec 100% / 2 168 508 17132% / 370 477 568
2442	32-bit unpaged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 163 189 ins/sec 100% / 2 169 808 16768% / 362 734 679
2443	real mode, Read CR4 : 2 162 436 ins/sec 100% / 2 164 914 15551% / 336 288 998
2444	Read CR4 : PASSED
2445	real mode, 32-bit IN : 104 649 ins/sec 118% / 123 513 1028% / 1 075 831
2446	real mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 102 ins/sec 115% / 123 660 982% / 1 052 259
2447	real mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 105 697 ins/sec 98% / 104 471 201% / 213 216
2448	real mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 105 830 ins/sec 98% / 104 598 198% / 210 495
2449	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 104 855 ins/sec 117% / 123 174 1029% / 1 079 591
2450	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 529 ins/sec 115% / 124 250 992% / 1 067 053
2451	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 106 337 ins/sec 103% / 109 565 196% / 209 367
2452	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 107 558 ins/sec 100% / 108 237 191% / 206 387
2453	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 106 351 ins/sec 116% / 123 584 1016% / 1 081 325
2454	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 106 424 ins/sec 116% / 124 252 995% / 1 059 408
2455	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 104 035 ins/sec 101% / 105 305 202% / 210 750
2456	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 103 831 ins/sec 102% / 106 919 205% / 213 198
2457	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 103 356 ins/sec 119% / 123 870 1041% / 1 076 463
2458	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 177 ins/sec 115% / 124 302 998% / 1 069 655
2459	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 104 491 ins/sec 100% / 104 744 200% / 209 264
2460	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 106 603 ins/sec 97% / 103 849 197% / 210 219
2461	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit IN : 105 923 ins/sec 115% / 122 759 1041% / 1 103 261
2462	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 083 ins/sec 117% / 126 057 1024% / 1 096 667
2463	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 106 114 ins/sec 97% / 103 496 199% / 211 312
2464	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 105 675 ins/sec 96% / 102 096 198% / 209 890
2465	64-bit long mode, 32-bit IN : 105 800 ins/sec 113% / 120 006 1013% / 1 072 116
2466	64-bit long mode, 32-bit OUT : 105 635 ins/sec 113% / 120 375 997% / 1 053 655
2467	64-bit long mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 105 274 ins/sec 95% / 100 763 197% / 208 026
2468	64-bit long mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 106 262 ins/sec 94% / 100 749 196% / 209 288
2469	NOP I/O Port Access : PASSED
2470	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read : 57 687 ins/sec 119% / 69 136 1197% / 690 548
2471	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write : 57 957 ins/sec 118% / 68 935 1183% / 685 930
2472	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 958 ins/sec 95% / 55 432 276% / 160 505
2473	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 922 ins/sec 100% / 58 340 304% / 176 464
2474	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit read : 57 478 ins/sec 119% / 68 453 1141% / 656 159
2475	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit write : 57 226 ins/sec 118% / 68 097 1157% / 662 504
2476	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 582 ins/sec 94% / 54 651 268% / 154 867
2477	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 697 ins/sec 100% / 57 750 299% / 173 030
2478	64-bit long mode, 32-bit read : 57 128 ins/sec 118% / 67 779 1071% / 611 949
2479	64-bit long mode, 32-bit write : 57 127 ins/sec 118% / 67 632 1084% / 619 395
2480	64-bit long mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 181 ins/sec 94% / 54 123 265% / 151 937
2481	64-bit long mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 297 ins/sec 99% / 57 286 294% / 168 694
2482	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read : 58 827 ins/sec 118% / 69 545 1185% / 697 602
2483	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write : 58 678 ins/sec 118% / 69 442 1183% / 694 387
2484	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 841 ins/sec 96% / 55 730 275% / 159 163
2485	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 855 ins/sec 101% / 58 834 304% / 176 169
2486	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read : 58 063 ins/sec 120% / 69 690 1233% / 716 444
2487	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write : 57 936 ins/sec 120% / 69 633 1199% / 694 753
2488	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 58 451 ins/sec 96% / 56 183 273% / 159 972
2489	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 58 962 ins/sec 99% / 58 955 298% / 175 936
2490	real mode, 32-bit read : 58 571 ins/sec 118% / 69 478 1160% / 679 917
2491	real mode, 32-bit write : 58 418 ins/sec 118% / 69 320 1185% / 692 513
2492	real mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 58 072 ins/sec 96% / 55 751 274% / 159 145
2493	real mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 870 ins/sec 101% / 58 755 307% / 178 042
2494	NOP MMIO Access : PASSED
2495	SUCCESS
2496	* @endverbatim
2497	*
2498	* What we see here is:
2499	*
2500	* - The WinHv API approach is 10 to 12 times slower for exits we can
2501	* handle directly in ring-0 in the VBox AMD-V code.
2502	*
2503	* - The WinHv API approach is 2 to 3 times slower for exits we have to
2504	* go to ring-3 to handle with the VBox AMD-V code.
2505	*
2506	* - By using hypercalls and VID.SYS from ring-0 we gain between
2507	* 13% and 20% over the WinHv API on exits handled in ring-0.
2508	*
2509	* - For exits requiring ring-3 handling are between 6% slower and 3% faster
2510	* than the WinHv API.
2511	*
2512	*
2513	* As a side note, it looks like Hyper-V doesn't let the guest read CR4 but
2514	* triggers exits all the time. This isn't all that important these days since
2515	* OSes like Linux cache the CR4 value specifically to avoid these kinds of exits.
2516	*
2517	*
2518	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_bs2t1u1 17134/2018-10-02: Bootsector2-test1
2519	*
2520	* Update on 17134. While expectantly testing a couple of newer builds (17758,
2521	* 17763) hoping for some increases in performance, the numbers turned out
2522	* altogether worse than the June test run. So, we went back to the 1803
2523	* (17134) installation, made sure it was fully up to date (as per 2018-10-02)
2524	* and re-tested.
2525	*
2526	* The numbers had somehow turned significantly worse over the last 3-4 months,
2527	* dropping around 70% for the WinHv API test, more for Hypercalls + VID.
2528	*
2529	* @verbatim
2530	TESTING... WinHv API Hypercalls + VID VirtualBox AMD-V *
2531	32-bit paged protected mode, CPUID : 33 270 ins/sec 33 154
2532	real mode, CPUID : 33 534 ins/sec 32 711
2533	[snip]
2534	32-bit paged protected mode, RDTSC : 102 216 011 ins/sec 98 225 419
2535	real mode, RDTSC : 102 492 243 ins/sec 98 225 419
2536	[snip]
2537	32-bit paged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 096 165 ins/sec 2 123 815
2538	real mode, Read CR4 : 2 081 047 ins/sec 2 075 151
2539	[snip]
2540	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 32 739 ins/sec 33 655
2541	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 32 702 ins/sec 33 777
2542	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 32 579 ins/sec 29 985
2543	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 32 750 ins/sec 29 757
2544	[snip]
2545	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read : 20 042 ins/sec 21 489
2546	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write : 20 036 ins/sec 21 493
2547	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 19 985 ins/sec 19 143
2548	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 19 972 ins/sec 19 595
2549
2550	* @endverbatim
2551	*
2552	* Suspects are security updates and/or microcode updates installed since then.
2553	* Given that the RDTSC and CR4 numbers are reasonably unchanges, it seems that
2554	* the Hyper-V core loop (in hvax64.exe) aren't affected. Our ring-0 runloop
2555	* is equally affected as the ring-3 based runloop, so it cannot be ring
2556	* switching as such (unless the ring-0 loop is borked and we didn't notice yet).
2557	*
2558	* The issue is probably in the thread / process switching area, could be
2559	* something special for hyper-V interrupt delivery or worker thread switching.
2560	*
2561	* Really wish this thread ping-pong going on in VID.SYS could be eliminated!
2562	*
2563	*
2564	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_bs2t1u2 17763: Bootsector2-test1
2565	*
2566	* Some preliminary numbers for build 17763 on the 3.4 GHz AMD 1950X, the second
2567	* column will improve we get time to have a look the register page.
2568	*
2569	* There is a 50% performance loss here compared to the June numbers with
2570	* build 17134. The RDTSC numbers hits that it isn't in the Hyper-V core
2571	* (hvax64.exe), but something on the NT side.
2572	*
2573	* Clearing bit 20 in nt!KiSpeculationFeatures speeds things up (i.e. changing
2574	* the dword from 0x00300065 to 0x00200065 in windbg). This is checked by
2575	* nt!KePrepareToDispatchVirtualProcessor, making it a no-op if the flag is
2576	* clear. winhvr!WinHvpVpDispatchLoop call that function before making
2577	* hypercall 0xc2, which presumably does the heavy VCpu lifting in hvcax64.exe.
2578	*
2579	* @verbatim
2580	TESTING... WinHv API Hypercalls + VID clr(bit-20) + WinHv API
2581	32-bit paged protected mode, CPUID : 54 145 ins/sec 51 436 130 076
2582	real mode, CPUID : 54 178 ins/sec 51 713 130 449
2583	[snip]
2584	32-bit paged protected mode, RDTSC : 98 927 639 ins/sec 100 254 552 100 549 882
2585	real mode, RDTSC : 99 601 206 ins/sec 100 886 699 100 470 957
2586	[snip]
2587	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 54 621 ins/sec 51 524 128 294
2588	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 54 870 ins/sec 51 671 129 397
2589	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 54 624 ins/sec 43 964 127 874
2590	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 54 803 ins/sec 44 087 129 443
2591	[snip]
2592	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read : 28 230 ins/sec 34 042 48 113
2593	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write : 27 962 ins/sec 34 050 48 069
2594	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 27 841 ins/sec 28 397 48 146
2595	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 27 896 ins/sec 29 455 47 970
2596	* @endverbatim
2597	*
2598	*
2599	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_w2k 17134/2018-06-22: Windows 2000 Boot & Shutdown
2600	*
2601	* Timing the startup and automatic shutdown of a Windows 2000 SP4 guest serves
2602	* as a real world benchmark and example of why exit performance is import. When
2603	* Windows 2000 boots up is doing a lot of VGA redrawing of the boot animation,
2604	* which is very costly. Not having installed guest additions leaves it in a VGA
2605	* mode after the bootup sequence is done, keep up the screen access expenses,
2606	* though the graphics driver more economical than the bootvid code.
2607	*
2608	* The VM was configured to automatically logon. A startup script was installed
2609	* to perform the automatic shuting down and powering off the VM (thru
2610	* vts_shutdown.exe -f -p). An offline snapshot of the VM was taken an restored
2611	* before each test run. The test time run time is calculated from the monotonic
2612	* VBox.log timestamps, starting with the state change to 'RUNNING' and stopping
2613	* at 'POWERING_OFF'.
2614	*
2615	* The host OS and VirtualBox build is the same as for the bootsector2-test1
2616	* scenario.
2617	*
2618	* Results:
2619	*
2620	* - WinHv API for all but physical page mappings:
2621	* 32 min 12.19 seconds
2622	*
2623	* - The default NEM/win configuration where we put the main execution loop
2624	* in ring-0, using hypercalls when we can and VID for managing execution:
2625	* 3 min 23.18 seconds
2626	*
2627	* - Regular VirtualBox using AMD-V directly, hyper-V is disabled, main
2628	* execution loop in ring-0:
2629	* 58.09 seconds
2630	*
2631	* - WinHv API with exit history based optimizations:
2632	* 58.66 seconds
2633	*
2634	* - Hypercall + VID.SYS with exit history base optimizations:
2635	* 58.94 seconds
2636	*
2637	* With a well above average machine needing over half an hour for booting a
2638	* nearly 20 year old guest kind of says it all. The 13%-20% exit performance
2639	* increase we get by using hypercalls and VID.SYS directly pays off a lot here.
2640	* The 3m23s is almost acceptable in comparison to the half an hour.
2641	*
2642	* The similarity between the last three results strongly hits at windows 2000
2643	* doing a lot of waiting during boot and shutdown and isn't the best testcase
2644	* once a basic performance level is reached.
2645	*
2646	*
2647	* @subsubsection subsection_iem_win_benchmarks_deb9_nat Debian 9 NAT performance
2648	*
2649	* This benchmark is about network performance over NAT from a 64-bit Debian 9
2650	* VM with a single CPU. For network performance measurements, we use our own
2651	* NetPerf tool (ValidationKit/utils/network/NetPerf.cpp) to measure latency
2652	* and throughput.
2653	*
2654	* The setups, builds and configurations are as in the previous benchmarks
2655	* (release r123172 on 1950X running 64-bit W10/17134 (2016-06-xx). Please note
2656	* that the exit optimizations hasn't yet been in tuned with NetPerf in mind.
2657	*
2658	* The NAT network setup was selected here since it's the default one and the
2659	* slowest one. There is quite a bit of IPC with worker threads and packet
2660	* processing involved.
2661	*
2662	* Latency test is first up. This is a classic back and forth between the two
2663	* NetPerf instances, where the key measurement is the roundrip latency. The
2664	* values here are the lowest result over 3-6 runs.
2665	*
2666	* Against host system:
2667	* - 152 258 ns/roundtrip - 100% - regular VirtualBox SVM
2668	* - 271 059 ns/roundtrip - 178% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations.
2669	* - 280 149 ns/roundtrip - 184% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0
2670	* - 317 735 ns/roundtrip - 209% - Win HV API with exit optimizations.
2671	* - 342 440 ns/roundtrip - 225% - Win HV API
2672	*
2673	* Against a remote Windows 10 system over a 10Gbps link:
2674	* - 243 969 ns/roundtrip - 100% - regular VirtualBox SVM
2675	* - 384 427 ns/roundtrip - 158% - Win HV API with exit optimizations.
2676	* - 402 411 ns/roundtrip - 165% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0
2677	* - 406 313 ns/roundtrip - 167% - Win HV API
2678	* - 413 160 ns/roundtrip - 169% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations.
2679	*
2680	* What we see here is:
2681	*
2682	* - Consistent and signficant latency increase using Hyper-V compared
2683	* to directly harnessing AMD-V ourselves.
2684	*
2685	* - When talking to the host, it's clear that the hypercalls + VID.SYS
2686	* in ring-0 method pays off.
2687	*
2688	* - When talking to a different host, the numbers are closer and it
2689	* is not longer clear which Hyper-V execution method is better.
2690	*
2691	*
2692	* Throughput benchmarks are performed by one side pushing data full throttle
2693	* for 10 seconds (minus a 1 second at each end of the test), then reversing
2694	* the roles and measuring it in the other direction. The tests ran 3-5 times
2695	* and below are the highest and lowest results in each direction.
2696	*
2697	* Receiving from host system:
2698	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2699	* Max: 96 907 549 bytes/s - 100%
2700	* Min: 86 912 095 bytes/s - 100%
2701	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2702	* Max: 84 036 544 bytes/s - 87%
2703	* Min: 64 978 112 bytes/s - 75%
2704	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2705	* Max: 77 760 699 bytes/s - 80%
2706	* Min: 72 677 171 bytes/s - 84%
2707	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2708	* Max: 64 465 905 bytes/s - 67%
2709	* Min: 62 286 369 bytes/s - 72%
2710	* - Win HV API:
2711	* Max: 62 466 631 bytes/s - 64%
2712	* Min: 61 362 782 bytes/s - 70%
2713	*
2714	* Sending to the host system:
2715	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2716	* Max: 87 728 652 bytes/s - 100%
2717	* Min: 86 923 198 bytes/s - 100%
2718	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2719	* Max: 84 280 749 bytes/s - 96%
2720	* Min: 78 369 842 bytes/s - 90%
2721	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2722	* Max: 84 119 932 bytes/s - 96%
2723	* Min: 77 396 811 bytes/s - 89%
2724	* - Win HV API:
2725	* Max: 81 714 377 bytes/s - 93%
2726	* Min: 78 697 419 bytes/s - 91%
2727	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2728	* Max: 80 502 488 bytes/s - 91%
2729	* Min: 71 164 978 bytes/s - 82%
2730	*
2731	* Receiving from a remote Windows 10 system over a 10Gbps link:
2732	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2733	* Max: 115 346 922 bytes/s - 136%
2734	* Min: 112 912 035 bytes/s - 137%
2735	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2736	* Max: 84 517 504 bytes/s - 100%
2737	* Min: 82 597 049 bytes/s - 100%
2738	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2739	* Max: 77 736 251 bytes/s - 92%
2740	* Min: 73 813 784 bytes/s - 89%
2741	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2742	* Max: 63 035 587 bytes/s - 75%
2743	* Min: 57 538 380 bytes/s - 70%
2744	* - Win HV API:
2745	* Max: 62 279 185 bytes/s - 74%
2746	* Min: 56 813 866 bytes/s - 69%
2747	*
2748	* Sending to a remote Windows 10 system over a 10Gbps link:
2749	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2750	* Max: 116 502 357 bytes/s - 103%
2751	* Min: 49 046 550 bytes/s - 59%
2752	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2753	* Max: 113 030 991 bytes/s - 100%
2754	* Min: 83 059 511 bytes/s - 100%
2755	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2756	* Max: 106 435 031 bytes/s - 94%
2757	* Min: 47 253 510 bytes/s - 57%
2758	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2759	* Max: 94 842 287 bytes/s - 84%
2760	* Min: 68 362 172 bytes/s - 82%
2761	* - Win HV API:
2762	* Max: 65 165 225 bytes/s - 58%
2763	* Min: 47 246 573 bytes/s - 57%
2764	*
2765	* What we see here is:
2766	*
2767	* - Again consistent numbers when talking to the host. Showing that the
2768	* ring-0 approach is preferable to the ring-3 one.
2769	*
2770	* - Again when talking to a remote host, things get more difficult to
2771	* make sense of. The spread is larger and direct AMD-V gets beaten by
2772	* a different the Hyper-V approaches in each direction.
2773	*
2774	* - However, if we treat the first entry (remote host) as weird spikes, the
2775	* other entries are consistently worse compared to direct AMD-V. For the
2776	* send case we get really bad results for WinHV.
2777	*
2778	*/
2779

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