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memcache.cpp

Last change on this file was 103005, checked in by vboxsync, 4 months ago
iprt/asm.h,: Split out the ASMMem and related stuff into a separate header, asm-mem.h, so that we can get the RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE stuff out of the way.
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File size: 19.8 KB

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1	/* $Id: memcache.cpp 103005 2024-01-23 23:55:58Z vboxsync $ */
2	/** @file
3	* IPRT - Memory Object Allocation Cache.
4	*/
5
6	/*
7	* Copyright (C) 2006-2023 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
8	*
9	* This file is part of VirtualBox base platform packages, as
10	* available from https://www.virtualbox.org.
11	*
12	* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
13	* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
14	* as published by the Free Software Foundation, in version 3 of the
15	* License.
16	*
17	* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
18	* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
19	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
20	* General Public License for more details.
21	*
22	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
23	* along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
24	*
25	* The contents of this file may alternatively be used under the terms
26	* of the Common Development and Distribution License Version 1.0
27	* (CDDL), a copy of it is provided in the "COPYING.CDDL" file included
28	* in the VirtualBox distribution, in which case the provisions of the
29	* CDDL are applicable instead of those of the GPL.
30	*
31	* You may elect to license modified versions of this file under the
32	* terms and conditions of either the GPL or the CDDL or both.
33	*
34	* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only OR CDDL-1.0
35	*/
36
37
38	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
39	* Header Files *
40	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
41	#include <iprt/memcache.h>
42	#include "internal/iprt.h"
43
44	#include <iprt/assert.h>
45	#include <iprt/asm.h>
46	#include <iprt/critsect.h>
47	#include <iprt/err.h>
48	#include <iprt/mem.h>
49	#include <iprt/system.h>
50
51	#include "internal/magics.h"
52
53
54	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
55	* Structures and Typedefs *
56	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
57	/** Pointer to a cache instance. */
58	typedef struct RTMEMCACHEINT *PRTMEMCACHEINT;
59	/** Pointer to a cache page. */
60	typedef struct RTMEMCACHEPAGE *PRTMEMCACHEPAGE;
61
62
63
64	/**
65	* A free object.
66	*
67	* @remarks This only works if the objects don't have a constructor or
68	* destructor and are big enough.
69	*/
70	typedef struct RTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ
71	{
72	/** Pointer to the next free object */
73	struct RTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ * volatile pNext;
74	} RTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ;
75	/** Pointer to a free object. */
76	typedef RTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ *PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ;
77
78
79	/**
80	* A cache page.
81	*
82	* This is a page of memory that we split up in to a bunch object sized chunks
83	* and hand out to the cache users. The bitmap is updated in an atomic fashion
84	* so that we don't have to take any locks when freeing or allocating memory.
85	*/
86	typedef struct RTMEMCACHEPAGE
87	{
88	/** Pointer to the cache owning this page.
89	* This is used for validation purposes only. */
90	PRTMEMCACHEINT pCache;
91	/** Pointer to the next page.
92	* This is marked as volatile since we'll be adding new entries to the list
93	* without taking any locks. */
94	PRTMEMCACHEPAGE volatile pNext;
95	/** Bitmap tracking allocated blocks. */
96	void volatile *pbmAlloc;
97	/** Bitmap tracking which blocks that has been thru the constructor. */
98	void volatile *pbmCtor;
99	/** Pointer to the object array. */
100	uint8_t *pbObjects;
101	/** The number of objects on this page. */
102	uint32_t cObjects;
103
104	/** Padding to force cFree into the next cache line. (ASSUMES CL = 64) */
105	uint8_t abPadding[ARCH_BITS == 32 ? 64 - 64 : 64 - 58 - 4];
106	/** The number of free objects. */
107	int32_t volatile cFree;
108	} RTMEMCACHEPAGE;
109	AssertCompileMemberOffset(RTMEMCACHEPAGE, cFree, 64);
110
111
112	/**
113	* Memory object cache instance.
114	*/
115	typedef struct RTMEMCACHEINT
116	{
117	/** Magic value (RTMEMCACHE_MAGIC). */
118	uint32_t u32Magic;
119	/** The object size. */
120	uint32_t cbObject;
121	/** Object alignment. */
122	uint32_t cbAlignment;
123	/** The per page object count. */
124	uint32_t cPerPage;
125	/** Number of bits in the bitmap.
126	* @remarks This is higher or equal to cPerPage and it is aligned such that
127	* the search operation will be most efficient on x86/AMD64. */
128	uint32_t cBits;
129	/** The maximum number of objects. */
130	uint32_t cMax;
131	/** Whether to the use the free list or not. */
132	bool fUseFreeList;
133	/** Head of the page list. */
134	PRTMEMCACHEPAGE pPageHead;
135	/** Poiner to the insertion point in the page list. */
136	PRTMEMCACHEPAGE volatile *ppPageNext;
137	/** Constructor callback. */
138	PFNMEMCACHECTOR pfnCtor;
139	/** Destructor callback. */
140	PFNMEMCACHEDTOR pfnDtor;
141	/** Callback argument. */
142	void *pvUser;
143	/** Critical section serializing page allocation and similar. */
144	RTCRITSECT CritSect;
145
146	/** The total object count. */
147	uint32_t volatile cTotal;
148	/** The number of free objects. */
149	int32_t volatile cFree;
150	/** This may point to a page with free entries. */
151	PRTMEMCACHEPAGE volatile pPageHint;
152	/** Stack of free items.
153	* These are marked as used in the allocation bitmaps.
154	*
155	* @todo This doesn't scale well when several threads are beating on the
156	* cache. Also, it totally doesn't work when the objects are too
157	* small. */
158	PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ volatile pFreeTop;
159	} RTMEMCACHEINT;
160
161
162	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
163	* Internal Functions *
164	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
165	static void rtMemCacheFreeList(RTMEMCACHEINT *pThis, PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ pHead);
166
167
168	RTDECL(int) RTMemCacheCreate(PRTMEMCACHE phMemCache, size_t cbObject, size_t cbAlignment, uint32_t cMaxObjects,
169	PFNMEMCACHECTOR pfnCtor, PFNMEMCACHEDTOR pfnDtor, void *pvUser, uint32_t fFlags)
170
171	{
172	AssertPtr(phMemCache);
173	AssertPtrNull(pfnCtor);
174	AssertPtrNull(pfnDtor);
175	AssertReturn(!pfnDtor \|\| pfnCtor, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
176	AssertReturn(cbObject > 0, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
177
178	size_t const cbPage = RTSystemGetPageSize();
179	AssertReturn(cbObject <= cbPage / 8, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
180	AssertReturn(!fFlags, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
181
182	if (cbAlignment == 0)
183	{
184	if (cbObject <= 2)
185	cbAlignment = cbObject;
186	else if (cbObject <= 4)
187	cbAlignment = 4;
188	else if (cbObject <= 8)
189	cbAlignment = 8;
190	else if (cbObject <= 16)
191	cbAlignment = 16;
192	else if (cbObject <= 32)
193	cbAlignment = 32;
194	else
195	cbAlignment = 64;
196	}
197	else
198	{
199	AssertReturn(!((cbAlignment - 1) & cbAlignment), VERR_NOT_POWER_OF_TWO);
200	AssertReturn(cbAlignment <= 64, VERR_OUT_OF_RANGE);
201	}
202
203	/*
204	* Allocate and initialize the instance memory.
205	*/
206	RTMEMCACHEINT pThis = (RTMEMCACHEINT )RTMemAlloc(sizeof(*pThis));
207	if (!pThis)
208	return VERR_NO_MEMORY;
209	int rc = RTCritSectInit(&pThis->CritSect);
210	if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
211	{
212	RTMemFree(pThis);
213	return rc;
214	}
215
216	pThis->u32Magic = RTMEMCACHE_MAGIC;
217	pThis->cbObject = (uint32_t)RT_ALIGN_Z(cbObject, cbAlignment);
218	pThis->cbAlignment = (uint32_t)cbAlignment;
219	pThis->cPerPage = (uint32_t)((cbPage - RT_ALIGN_Z(sizeof(RTMEMCACHEPAGE), cbAlignment)) / pThis->cbObject);
220	while ( RT_ALIGN_Z(sizeof(RTMEMCACHEPAGE), 8)
221	+ pThis->cPerPage * pThis->cbObject
222	+ RT_ALIGN(pThis->cPerPage, 64) / 8 * 2
223	> cbPage)
224	pThis->cPerPage--;
225	pThis->cBits = RT_ALIGN(pThis->cPerPage, 64);
226	pThis->cMax = cMaxObjects;
227	pThis->fUseFreeList = cbObject >= sizeof(RTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ)
228	&& !pfnCtor
229	&& !pfnDtor;
230	pThis->pPageHead = NULL;
231	pThis->ppPageNext = &pThis->pPageHead;
232	pThis->pfnCtor = pfnCtor;
233	pThis->pfnDtor = pfnDtor;
234	pThis->pvUser = pvUser;
235	pThis->cTotal = 0;
236	pThis->cFree = 0;
237	pThis->pPageHint = NULL;
238	pThis->pFreeTop = NULL;
239
240	*phMemCache = pThis;
241	return VINF_SUCCESS;
242	}
243
244
245	RTDECL(int) RTMemCacheDestroy(RTMEMCACHE hMemCache)
246	{
247	RTMEMCACHEINT *pThis = hMemCache;
248	if (!pThis)
249	return VINF_SUCCESS;
250	AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
251	AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTMEMCACHE_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
252
253	#if 0 /def RT_STRICT - don't require eveything to be freed. Caches are very convenient for lazy cleanup. /
254	uint32_t cFree = pThis->cFree;
255	for (PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ pFree = pThis->pFreeTop; pFree && cFree < pThis->cTotal + 5; pFree = pFree->pNext)
256	cFree++;
257	AssertMsg(cFree == pThis->cTotal, ("cFree=%u cTotal=%u\n", cFree, pThis->cTotal));
258	#endif
259
260	/*
261	* Destroy it.
262	*/
263	AssertReturn(ASMAtomicCmpXchgU32(&pThis->u32Magic, RTMEMCACHE_MAGIC_DEAD, RTMEMCACHE_MAGIC), VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
264	RTCritSectDelete(&pThis->CritSect);
265
266	while (pThis->pPageHead)
267	{
268	PRTMEMCACHEPAGE pPage = pThis->pPageHead;
269	pThis->pPageHead = pPage->pNext;
270	pPage->cFree = 0;
271
272	if (pThis->pfnDtor)
273	{
274	uint32_t iObj = pPage->cObjects;
275	while (iObj-- > 0)
276	if (ASMBitTestAndClear(pPage->pbmCtor, iObj))
277	pThis->pfnDtor(hMemCache, pPage->pbObjects + iObj * pThis->cbObject, pThis->pvUser);
278	}
279
280	RTMemPageFree(pPage, RTSystemGetPageSize());
281	}
282
283	RTMemFree(pThis);
284	return VINF_SUCCESS;
285	}
286
287
288	/**
289	* Grows the cache.
290	*
291	* @returns IPRT status code.
292	* @param pThis The memory cache instance.
293	*/
294	static int rtMemCacheGrow(RTMEMCACHEINT *pThis)
295	{
296	/*
297	* Enter the critical section here to avoid allocation races leading to
298	* wasted memory (++) and make it easier to link in the new page.
299	*/
300	RTCritSectEnter(&pThis->CritSect);
301	int rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
302	if (pThis->cFree < 0)
303	{
304	/*
305	* Allocate and initialize the new page.
306	*
307	* We put the constructor bitmap at the lower end right after cFree.
308	* We then push the object array to the end of the page and place the
309	* allocation bitmap below it. The hope is to increase the chance that
310	* the allocation bitmap is in a different cache line than cFree since
311	* this increases performance markably when lots of threads are beating
312	* on the cache.
313	*/
314	size_t const cbPage = RTSystemGetPageSize();
315	PRTMEMCACHEPAGE pPage = (PRTMEMCACHEPAGE)RTMemPageAllocZ(cbPage);
316	if (pPage)
317	{
318	uint32_t const cObjects = RT_MIN(pThis->cPerPage, pThis->cMax - pThis->cTotal);
319
320	pPage->pCache = pThis;
321	pPage->pNext = NULL;
322	pPage->cFree = cObjects;
323	pPage->cObjects = cObjects;
324	uint8_t pb = (uint8_t )(pPage + 1);
325	pb = RT_ALIGN_PT(pb, 8, uint8_t *);
326	pPage->pbmCtor = pb;
327	pb = (uint8_t )pPage + cbPage - pThis->cbObject cObjects;
328	pPage->pbObjects = pb; Assert(RT_ALIGN_P(pb, pThis->cbAlignment) == pb);
329	pb -= pThis->cBits / 8;
330	pb = (uint8_t *)((uintptr_t)pb & ~(uintptr_t)7);
331	pPage->pbmAlloc = pb;
332	Assert((uintptr_t)pPage->pbmCtor + pThis->cBits / 8 <= (uintptr_t)pPage->pbmAlloc);
333
334	/* Mark the bitmap padding and any unused objects as allocated. */
335	for (uint32_t iBit = cObjects; iBit < pThis->cBits; iBit++)
336	ASMBitSet(pPage->pbmAlloc, iBit);
337
338	/* Make it the hint. */
339	ASMAtomicWritePtr(&pThis->pPageHint, pPage);
340
341	/* Link the page in at the end of the list. */
342	ASMAtomicWritePtr(pThis->ppPageNext, pPage);
343	pThis->ppPageNext = &pPage->pNext;
344
345	/* Add it to the page counts. */
346	ASMAtomicAddS32(&pThis->cFree, cObjects);
347	ASMAtomicAddU32(&pThis->cTotal, cObjects);
348	}
349	else
350	rc = VERR_NO_MEMORY;
351	}
352	RTCritSectLeave(&pThis->CritSect);
353	return rc;
354	}
355
356
357	/**
358	* Grabs a an object in a page.
359	* @returns New cFree value on success (0 or higher), -1 on failure.
360	* @param pPage Pointer to the page.
361	*/
362	DECL_FORCE_INLINE(int32_t) rtMemCacheGrabObj(PRTMEMCACHEPAGE pPage)
363	{
364	if (ASMAtomicUoReadS32(&pPage->cFree) > 0)
365	{
366	int32_t cFreeNew = ASMAtomicDecS32(&pPage->cFree);
367	if (cFreeNew >= 0)
368	return cFreeNew;
369	ASMAtomicIncS32(&pPage->cFree);
370	}
371	return -1;
372	}
373
374
375	RTDECL(int) RTMemCacheAllocEx(RTMEMCACHE hMemCache, void **ppvObj)
376	{
377	RTMEMCACHEINT *pThis = hMemCache;
378	AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
379	AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTMEMCACHE_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
380
381	/*
382	* Try grab a free object from the stack.
383	*/
384	PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ pObj = ASMAtomicUoReadPtrT(&pThis->pFreeTop, PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ);
385	if (pObj)
386	{
387	pObj = ASMAtomicXchgPtrT(&pThis->pFreeTop, NULL, PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ);
388	if (pObj)
389	{
390	if (pObj->pNext)
391	{
392	Assert(pObj->pNext != pObj);
393	PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ pAllocRace = ASMAtomicXchgPtrT(&pThis->pFreeTop, pObj->pNext, PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ);
394	if (pAllocRace)
395	rtMemCacheFreeList(pThis, pAllocRace);
396	}
397
398	pObj->pNext = NULL;
399	*ppvObj = pObj;
400	return VINF_SUCCESS;
401	}
402	}
403
404	/*
405	* Try grab a free object at the cache level.
406	*/
407	int32_t cNewFree = ASMAtomicDecS32(&pThis->cFree);
408	if (RT_LIKELY(cNewFree < 0))
409	{
410	uint32_t cTotal = ASMAtomicUoReadU32(&pThis->cTotal);
411	if ( (uint32_t)(cTotal + -cNewFree) > pThis->cMax
412	\|\| (uint32_t)(cTotal + -cNewFree) <= cTotal)
413	{
414	ASMAtomicIncS32(&pThis->cFree);
415	return VERR_MEM_CACHE_MAX_SIZE;
416	}
417
418	int rc = rtMemCacheGrow(pThis);
419	if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
420	{
421	ASMAtomicIncS32(&pThis->cFree);
422	return rc;
423	}
424	}
425
426	/*
427	* Grab a free object at the page level.
428	*/
429	PRTMEMCACHEPAGE pPage = ASMAtomicUoReadPtrT(&pThis->pPageHint, PRTMEMCACHEPAGE);
430	int32_t iObj = pPage ? rtMemCacheGrabObj(pPage) : -1;
431	if (iObj < 0)
432	{
433	for (unsigned cLoops = 0; ; cLoops++)
434	{
435	for (pPage = pThis->pPageHead; pPage; pPage = pPage->pNext)
436	{
437	iObj = rtMemCacheGrabObj(pPage);
438	if (iObj >= 0)
439	{
440	if (iObj > 0)
441	ASMAtomicWritePtr(&pThis->pPageHint, pPage);
442	break;
443	}
444	}
445	if (iObj >= 0)
446	break;
447	Assert(cLoops != 2);
448	Assert(cLoops < 10);
449	}
450	}
451	Assert(iObj >= 0);
452	Assert((uint32_t)iObj < pThis->cMax);
453
454	/*
455	* Find a free object in the allocation bitmap. Use the new cFree count
456	* as a hint.
457	*/
458	if (ASMAtomicBitTestAndSet(pPage->pbmAlloc, iObj))
459	{
460	for (unsigned cLoops2 = 0;; cLoops2++)
461	{
462	iObj = ASMBitFirstClear(pPage->pbmAlloc, pThis->cBits);
463	if (RT_LIKELY(iObj >= 0))
464	{
465	if (!ASMAtomicBitTestAndSet(pPage->pbmAlloc, iObj))
466	break;
467	}
468	else
469	ASMMemoryFence();
470	Assert(cLoops2 != 40);
471	}
472	Assert(iObj >= 0);
473	}
474	void pvObj = &pPage->pbObjects[iObj pThis->cbObject];
475	Assert((uintptr_t)pvObj - (uintptr_t)pPage < RTSystemGetPageSize());
476
477	/*
478	* Call the constructor?
479	*/
480	if ( pThis->pfnCtor
481	&& !ASMAtomicBitTestAndSet(pPage->pbmCtor, iObj))
482	{
483	int rc = pThis->pfnCtor(hMemCache, pvObj, pThis->pvUser);
484	if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
485	{
486	ASMAtomicBitClear(pPage->pbmCtor, iObj);
487	RTMemCacheFree(pThis, pvObj);
488	return rc;
489	}
490	}
491
492	*ppvObj = pvObj;
493	return VINF_SUCCESS;
494	}
495
496
497	RTDECL(void *) RTMemCacheAlloc(RTMEMCACHE hMemCache)
498	{
499	void *pvObj;
500	int rc = RTMemCacheAllocEx(hMemCache, &pvObj);
501	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
502	return pvObj;
503	return NULL;
504	}
505
506
507
508	/**
509	* Really frees one object.
510	*
511	* @param pThis The memory cache.
512	* @param pvObj The memory object to free.
513	*/
514	static void rtMemCacheFreeOne(RTMEMCACHEINT pThis, void pvObj)
515	{
516	/* Note: Do NOT attempt to poison the object! */
517
518	/*
519	* Find the cache page. The page structure is at the start of the page.
520	*/
521	PRTMEMCACHEPAGE pPage = (PRTMEMCACHEPAGE)(((uintptr_t)pvObj) & ~RTSystemGetPageOffsetMask());
522	Assert(pPage->pCache == pThis);
523	Assert(ASMAtomicUoReadS32(&pPage->cFree) < (int32_t)pThis->cPerPage);
524
525	/*
526	* Clear the bitmap bit and update the two object counter. Order matters!
527	*/
528	uintptr_t offObj = (uintptr_t)pvObj - (uintptr_t)pPage->pbObjects;
529	uintptr_t iObj = offObj / pThis->cbObject;
530	Assert(iObj * pThis->cbObject == offObj);
531	Assert(iObj < pThis->cPerPage);
532	AssertReturnVoid(ASMAtomicBitTestAndClear(pPage->pbmAlloc, iObj));
533
534	ASMAtomicIncS32(&pPage->cFree);
535	ASMAtomicIncS32(&pThis->cFree);
536	}
537
538
539	/**
540	* Really frees a list of 'freed' object.
541	*
542	* @param pThis The memory cache.
543	* @param pHead The head of the list.
544	*/
545	static void rtMemCacheFreeList(RTMEMCACHEINT *pThis, PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ pHead)
546	{
547	while (pHead)
548	{
549	PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ pFreeMe = pHead;
550	pHead = pHead->pNext;
551	pFreeMe->pNext = NULL;
552	ASMCompilerBarrier();
553	rtMemCacheFreeOne(pThis, pFreeMe);
554	}
555	}
556
557
558
559	RTDECL(void) RTMemCacheFree(RTMEMCACHE hMemCache, void *pvObj)
560	{
561	if (!pvObj)
562	return;
563
564	RTMEMCACHEINT *pThis = hMemCache;
565	AssertPtrReturnVoid(pThis);
566	AssertReturnVoid(pThis->u32Magic == RTMEMCACHE_MAGIC);
567
568	AssertPtr(pvObj);
569	Assert(RT_ALIGN_P(pvObj, pThis->cbAlignment) == pvObj);
570
571	if (!pThis->fUseFreeList)
572	rtMemCacheFreeOne(pThis, pvObj);
573	else
574	{
575	# ifdef RT_STRICT
576	/* This is the same as the other branch, except it's not actually freed. */
577	PRTMEMCACHEPAGE pPage = (PRTMEMCACHEPAGE)(((uintptr_t)pvObj) & ~RTSystemGetPageOffsetMask());
578	Assert(pPage->pCache == pThis);
579	Assert(ASMAtomicUoReadS32(&pPage->cFree) < (int32_t)pThis->cPerPage);
580	uintptr_t offObj = (uintptr_t)pvObj - (uintptr_t)pPage->pbObjects;
581	uintptr_t iObj = offObj / pThis->cbObject;
582	Assert(iObj * pThis->cbObject == offObj);
583	Assert(iObj < pThis->cPerPage);
584	AssertReturnVoid(ASMBitTest(pPage->pbmAlloc, (int32_t)iObj));
585	# endif
586
587	/*
588	* Push it onto the free stack.
589	*/
590	PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ pObj = (PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ)pvObj;
591	pObj->pNext = ASMAtomicXchgPtrT(&pThis->pFreeTop, NULL, PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ);
592	PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ pFreeRace = ASMAtomicXchgPtrT(&pThis->pFreeTop, pObj, PRTMEMCACHEFREEOBJ);
593	if (pFreeRace)
594	rtMemCacheFreeList(pThis, pFreeRace);
595	}
596	}
597

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source: vbox/trunk/src/VBox/Runtime/common/alloc/memcache.cpp

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