VirtualBox

source: vbox/trunk/src/VBox/Main/testcase/tstVBoxAPIXPCOM.cpp

Last change on this file was 106061, checked in by vboxsync, 7 weeks ago

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1/* $Id: tstVBoxAPIXPCOM.cpp 106061 2024-09-16 14:03:52Z vboxsync $ */
2/** @file
3 *
4 * tstVBoxAPIXPCOM - sample program to illustrate the VirtualBox
5 * XPCOM API for machine management.
6 * It only uses standard C/C++ and XPCOM semantics,
7 * no additional VBox classes/macros/helpers.
8 */
9
10/*
11 * Copyright (C) 2006-2024 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
12 *
13 * This file is part of VirtualBox base platform packages, as
14 * available from https://www.virtualbox.org.
15 *
16 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
17 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
18 * as published by the Free Software Foundation, in version 3 of the
19 * License.
20 *
21 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
22 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
23 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
24 * General Public License for more details.
25 *
26 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
27 * along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
28 *
29 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
30 */
31
32/*
33 * PURPOSE OF THIS SAMPLE PROGRAM
34 * ------------------------------
35 *
36 * This sample program is intended to demonstrate the minimal code necessary
37 * to use VirtualBox XPCOM API for learning puroses only. The program uses
38 * pure XPCOM and doesn't have any extra dependencies to let you better
39 * understand what is going on when a client talks to the VirtualBox core
40 * using the XPCOM framework.
41 *
42 * However, if you want to write a real application, it is highly recommended
43 * to use our MS COM XPCOM Glue library and helper C++ classes. This way, you
44 * will get at least the following benefits:
45 *
46 * a) better portability: both the MS COM (used on Windows) and XPCOM (used
47 * everywhere else) VirtualBox client application from the same source code
48 * (including common smart C++ templates for automatic interface pointer
49 * reference counter and string data management);
50 * b) simpler XPCOM initialization and shutdown (only a single method call
51 * that does everything right).
52 *
53 * Currently, there is no separate sample program that uses the VirtualBox MS
54 * COM XPCOM Glue library. Please refer to the sources of stock VirtualBox
55 * applications such as the VirtualBox GUI frontend or the VBoxManage command
56 * line frontend.
57 *
58 *
59 * RUNNING THIS SAMPLE PROGRAM
60 * ---------------------------
61 *
62 * This sample program needs to know where the VirtualBox core files reside
63 * and where to search for VirtualBox shared libraries. Therefore, you need to
64 * use the following (or similar) command to execute it:
65 *
66 * $ env VBOX_XPCOM_HOME=../../.. LD_LIBRARY_PATH=../../.. ./tstVBoxAPIXPCOM
67 *
68 * The above command assumes that VBoxRT.so, VBoxXPCOM.so and others reside in
69 * the directory ../../..
70 */
71
72
73#include <stdio.h>
74#include <stdlib.h>
75#include <iconv.h>
76
77/*
78 * Include the XPCOM headers
79 */
80#include <nsMemory.h>
81#include <nsString.h>
82#include <nsIServiceManager.h>
83#include <nsEventQueueUtils.h>
84
85#include <nsIExceptionService.h>
86
87/*
88 * VirtualBox XPCOM interface. This header is generated
89 * from IDL which in turn is generated from a custom XML format.
90 */
91#include "VirtualBox_XPCOM.h"
92
93/*
94 * Prototypes
95 */
96
97char *nsIDToString(nsID *guid);
98void printErrorInfo();
99
100
101/**
102 * Display all registered VMs on the screen with some information about each
103 *
104 * @param virtualBox VirtualBox instance object.
105 */
106static void listVMs(IVirtualBox *virtualBox)
107{
108 nsresult rc;
109
110 printf("----------------------------------------------------\n");
111 printf("VM List:\n\n");
112
113 /*
114 * Get the list of all registered VMs
115 */
116 IMachine **machines = NULL;
117 PRUint32 cMachines = 0;
118
119 rc = virtualBox->GetMachines(&cMachines, &machines);
120 if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc))
121 {
122 /*
123 * Iterate through the collection
124 */
125 for (PRUint32 i = 0; i < cMachines; ++ i)
126 {
127 IMachine *machine = machines[i];
128 if (machine)
129 {
130 PRBool isAccessible = PR_FALSE;
131 machine->GetAccessible(&isAccessible);
132
133 if (isAccessible)
134 {
135 nsXPIDLString machineName;
136 machine->GetName(getter_Copies(machineName));
137 char *machineNameAscii = ToNewCString(machineName);
138 printf("\tName: %s\n", machineNameAscii);
139 free(machineNameAscii);
140 }
141 else
142 {
143 printf("\tName: <inaccessible>\n");
144 }
145
146 nsXPIDLString iid;
147 machine->GetId(getter_Copies(iid));
148 const char *uuidString = ToNewCString(iid);
149 printf("\tUUID: %s\n", uuidString);
150 free((void*)uuidString);
151
152 if (isAccessible)
153 {
154 nsXPIDLString configFile;
155 machine->GetSettingsFilePath(getter_Copies(configFile));
156 char *configFileAscii = ToNewCString(configFile);
157 printf("\tConfig file: %s\n", configFileAscii);
158 free(configFileAscii);
159
160 PRUint32 memorySize;
161 machine->GetMemorySize(&memorySize);
162 printf("\tMemory size: %uMB\n", memorySize);
163
164 nsXPIDLString typeId;
165 machine->GetOSTypeId(getter_Copies(typeId));
166 IGuestOSType *osType = nsnull;
167 virtualBox->GetGuestOSType(typeId.get(), &osType);
168 nsXPIDLString osName;
169 osType->GetDescription(getter_Copies(osName));
170 char *osNameAscii = ToNewCString(osName);
171 printf("\tGuest OS: %s\n\n", osNameAscii);
172 free(osNameAscii);
173 osType->Release();
174 }
175
176 /* don't forget to release the objects in the array... */
177 machine->Release();
178 }
179 }
180 nsMemory::Free(machines);
181 }
182 printf("----------------------------------------------------\n\n");
183}
184
185/**
186 * Create a sample VM
187 *
188 * @param virtualBox VirtualBox instance object.
189 */
190static void createVM(IVirtualBox *virtualBox)
191{
192 nsresult rc;
193 /*
194 * First create a unnamed new VM. It will be unconfigured and not be saved
195 * in the configuration until we explicitely choose to do so.
196 */
197 nsCOMPtr<IMachine> machine;
198 rc = virtualBox->CreateMachine(NULL, /* settings file */
199 NS_LITERAL_STRING("A brand new name").get(),
200 PlatformArchitecture_x86,
201 0, nsnull, /* groups (safearray)*/
202 nsnull, /* ostype */
203 nsnull, /* create flags */
204 nsnull, /* cipher */
205 nsnull, /* password id */
206 nsnull, /* password */
207 getter_AddRefs(machine));
208 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
209 {
210 printf("Error: could not create machine! rc=%#x\n", rc);
211 return;
212 }
213
214 /*
215 * Set some properties
216 */
217 /* alternative to illustrate the use of string classes */
218 rc = machine->SetName(NS_ConvertUTF8toUTF16("A new name").get());
219 rc = machine->SetMemorySize(128);
220
221 /*
222 * Now a more advanced property -- the guest OS type. This is
223 * an object by itself which has to be found first. Note that we
224 * use the ID of the guest OS type here which is an internal
225 * representation (you can find that by configuring the OS type of
226 * a machine in the GUI and then looking at the <Guest ostype=""/>
227 * setting in the XML file. It is also possible to get the OS type from
228 * its description (win2k would be "Windows 2000") by getting the
229 * guest OS type collection and enumerating it.
230 */
231 nsCOMPtr<IGuestOSType> osType;
232 rc = virtualBox->GetGuestOSType(NS_LITERAL_STRING(GUEST_OS_ID_STR_X86("Windows2000")).get(),
233 getter_AddRefs(osType));
234 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
235 {
236 printf("Error: could not find guest OS type! rc=%#x\n", rc);
237 }
238 else
239 {
240 machine->SetOSTypeId(NS_LITERAL_STRING(GUEST_OS_ID_STR_X86("Windows2000")).get());
241 }
242
243 /*
244 * Register the VM. Note that this call also saves the VM config
245 * to disk. It is also possible to save the VM settings but not
246 * register the VM.
247 *
248 * Also note that due to current VirtualBox limitations, the machine
249 * must be registered *before* we can attach hard disks to it.
250 */
251 rc = virtualBox->RegisterMachine(machine);
252 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
253 {
254 printf("Error: could not register machine! rc=%#x\n", rc);
255 printErrorInfo();
256 return;
257 }
258
259 nsCOMPtr<IMachine> origMachine = machine;
260
261 /*
262 * In order to manipulate the registered machine, we must open a session
263 * for that machine. Do it now.
264 */
265 nsCOMPtr<ISession> session;
266 nsCOMPtr<IMachine> sessionMachine;
267 {
268 nsCOMPtr<nsIComponentManager> manager;
269 rc = NS_GetComponentManager(getter_AddRefs(manager));
270 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
271 {
272 printf("Error: could not get component manager! rc=%#x\n", rc);
273 return;
274 }
275 rc = manager->CreateInstanceByContractID(NS_SESSION_CONTRACTID,
276 nsnull,
277 NS_GET_IID(ISession),
278 getter_AddRefs(session));
279 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
280 {
281 printf("Error, could not instantiate session object! rc=%#x\n", rc);
282 return;
283 }
284
285 rc = machine->LockMachine(session, LockType_Write);
286 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
287 {
288 printf("Error, could not lock the machine for the session! rc=%#x\n", rc);
289 return;
290 }
291
292 /*
293 * After the machine is registered, the initial machine object becomes
294 * immutable. In order to get a mutable machine object, we must query
295 * it from the opened session object.
296 */
297 rc = session->GetMachine(getter_AddRefs(sessionMachine));
298 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
299 {
300 printf("Error, could not get machine session! rc=%#x\n", rc);
301 return;
302 }
303 }
304
305 /*
306 * Create a virtual harddisk
307 */
308 nsCOMPtr<IMedium> hardDisk = 0;
309 rc = virtualBox->CreateMedium(NS_LITERAL_STRING("VDI").get(),
310 NS_LITERAL_STRING("/tmp/TestHardDisk.vdi").get(),
311 AccessMode_ReadWrite, DeviceType_HardDisk,
312 getter_AddRefs(hardDisk));
313 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
314 {
315 printf("Failed creating a hard disk object! rc=%#x\n", rc);
316 }
317 else
318 {
319 /*
320 * We have only created an object so far. No on disk representation exists
321 * because none of its properties has been set so far. Let's continue creating
322 * a dynamically expanding image.
323 */
324 nsCOMPtr<IProgress> progress;
325 MediumVariant_T mediumVariants[] =
326 { MediumVariant_Standard };
327 rc = hardDisk->CreateBaseStorage(100 * 1024 * 1024, // size in bytes
328 sizeof(mediumVariants) / sizeof(mediumVariants[0]), mediumVariants,
329 getter_AddRefs(progress)); // optional progress object
330 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
331 {
332 printf("Failed creating hard disk image! rc=%#x\n", rc);
333 }
334 else
335 {
336 /*
337 * Creating the image is done in the background because it can take quite
338 * some time (at least fixed size images). We have to wait for its completion.
339 * Here we wait forever (timeout -1) which is potentially dangerous.
340 */
341 rc = progress->WaitForCompletion(-1);
342 PRInt32 resultCode;
343 progress->GetResultCode(&resultCode);
344 if (NS_FAILED(rc) || NS_FAILED(resultCode))
345 {
346 printf("Error: could not create hard disk! rc=%#x\n",
347 NS_FAILED(rc) ? rc : resultCode);
348 }
349 else
350 {
351 /*
352 * Now that it's created, we can assign it to the VM.
353 */
354 rc = sessionMachine->AttachDevice(
355 NS_LITERAL_STRING("IDE Controller").get(), // controller identifier
356 0, // channel number on the controller
357 0, // device number on the controller
358 DeviceType_HardDisk,
359 hardDisk);
360 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
361 {
362 printf("Error: could not attach hard disk! rc=%#x\n", rc);
363 }
364 }
365 }
366 }
367
368 /*
369 * It's got a hard disk but that one is new and thus not bootable. Make it
370 * boot from an ISO file. This requires some processing. First the ISO file
371 * has to be registered and then mounted to the VM's DVD drive and selected
372 * as the boot device.
373 */
374 nsCOMPtr<IMedium> dvdImage;
375 rc = virtualBox->OpenMedium(NS_LITERAL_STRING("/home/vbox/isos/winnt4ger.iso").get(),
376 DeviceType_DVD,
377 AccessMode_ReadOnly,
378 false /* fForceNewUuid */,
379 getter_AddRefs(dvdImage));
380 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
381 printf("Error: could not open CD image! rc=%#x\n", rc);
382 else
383 {
384 /*
385 * Now assign it to our VM
386 */
387 rc = sessionMachine->MountMedium(
388 NS_LITERAL_STRING("IDE Controller").get(), // controller identifier
389 2, // channel number on the controller
390 0, // device number on the controller
391 dvdImage,
392 PR_FALSE); // aForce
393 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
394 {
395 printf("Error: could not mount ISO image! rc=%#x\n", rc);
396 }
397 else
398 {
399 /*
400 * Last step: tell the VM to boot from the CD.
401 */
402 rc = sessionMachine->SetBootOrder(1, DeviceType::DVD);
403 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
404 {
405 printf("Could not set boot device! rc=%#x\n", rc);
406 }
407 }
408 }
409
410 /*
411 * Save all changes we've just made.
412 */
413 rc = sessionMachine->SaveSettings();
414 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
415 printf("Could not save machine settings! rc=%#x\n", rc);
416
417 /*
418 * It is always important to close the open session when it becomes not
419 * necessary any more.
420 */
421 session->UnlockMachine();
422
423 IMedium **aMedia;
424 PRUint32 cMedia;
425 rc = machine->Unregister((CleanupMode_T)CleanupMode_DetachAllReturnHardDisksOnly,
426 &cMedia, &aMedia);
427 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
428 printf("Unregistering the machine failed! rc=%#x\n", rc);
429 else
430 {
431 nsCOMPtr<IProgress> pProgress;
432 rc = machine->DeleteConfig(cMedia, aMedia, getter_AddRefs(pProgress));
433 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
434 printf("Deleting of machine failed! rc=%#x\n", rc);
435 else
436 {
437 rc = pProgress->WaitForCompletion(-1);
438 PRInt32 resultCode;
439 pProgress->GetResultCode(&resultCode);
440 if (NS_FAILED(rc) || NS_FAILED(resultCode))
441 printf("Failed to delete the machine! rc=%#x\n",
442 NS_FAILED(rc) ? rc : resultCode);
443 }
444
445 /* Release the media array: */
446 for (PRUint32 i = 0; i < cMedia; i++)
447 if (aMedia[i])
448 aMedia[i]->Release();
449 nsMemory::Free(aMedia);
450 }
451}
452
453// main
454///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
455
456int main(int argc, char **argv)
457{
458 /*
459 * Check that PRUnichar is equal in size to what compiler composes L""
460 * strings from; otherwise NS_LITERAL_STRING macros won't work correctly
461 * and we will get a meaningless SIGSEGV. This, of course, must be checked
462 * at compile time in xpcom/string/nsTDependentString.h, but XPCOM lacks
463 * compile-time assert macros and I'm not going to add them now.
464 */
465 if (sizeof(PRUnichar) != sizeof(wchar_t))
466 {
467 printf("Error: sizeof(PRUnichar) {%lu} != sizeof(wchar_t) {%lu}!\n"
468 "Probably, you forgot the -fshort-wchar compiler option.\n",
469 (unsigned long) sizeof(PRUnichar),
470 (unsigned long) sizeof(wchar_t));
471 return -1;
472 }
473
474#if 1 /* Please ignore this! It is very very crude. */
475# ifdef RTPATH_APP_PRIVATE_ARCH
476 if (!getenv("VBOX_XPCOM_HOME"))
477 setenv("VBOX_XPCOM_HOME", RTPATH_APP_PRIVATE_ARCH, 1);
478# else
479 char szTmp[8192];
480 if (!getenv("VBOX_XPCOM_HOME"))
481 {
482 strcpy(szTmp, argv[0]);
483 *strrchr(szTmp, '/') = '\0';
484 strcat(szTmp, "/..");
485 fprintf(stderr, "tstVBoxAPIXPCOM: VBOX_XPCOM_HOME is not set, using '%s' instead\n", szTmp);
486 setenv("VBOX_XPCOM_HOME", szTmp, 1);
487 }
488# endif
489#endif
490 (void)argc; (void)argv;
491
492 nsresult rc;
493
494 /*
495 * This is the standard XPCOM init procedure.
496 * What we do is just follow the required steps to get an instance
497 * of our main interface, which is IVirtualBox.
498 *
499 * Note that we scope all nsCOMPtr variables in order to have all XPCOM
500 * objects automatically released before we call NS_ShutdownXPCOM at the
501 * end. This is an XPCOM requirement.
502 */
503 {
504 nsCOMPtr<nsIServiceManager> serviceManager;
505 rc = NS_InitXPCOM2(getter_AddRefs(serviceManager), nsnull, nsnull);
506 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
507 {
508 printf("Error: XPCOM could not be initialized! rc=%#x\n", rc);
509 return -1;
510 }
511
512#if 0
513 /*
514 * Register our components. This step is only necessary if this executable
515 * implements XPCOM components itself which is not the case for this
516 * simple example.
517 */
518 nsCOMPtr<nsIComponentRegistrar> registrar = do_QueryInterface(serviceManager);
519 if (!registrar)
520 {
521 printf("Error: could not query nsIComponentRegistrar interface!\n");
522 return -1;
523 }
524 registrar->AutoRegister(nsnull);
525#endif
526
527 /*
528 * Make sure the main event queue is created. This event queue is
529 * responsible for dispatching incoming XPCOM IPC messages. The main
530 * thread should run this event queue's loop during lengthy non-XPCOM
531 * operations to ensure messages from the VirtualBox server and other
532 * XPCOM IPC clients are processed. This use case doesn't perform such
533 * operations so it doesn't run the event loop.
534 */
535 nsCOMPtr<nsIEventQueue> eventQ;
536 rc = NS_GetMainEventQ(getter_AddRefs(eventQ));
537 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
538 {
539 printf("Error: could not get main event queue! rc=%#x\n", rc);
540 return -1;
541 }
542
543 /*
544 * Now XPCOM is ready and we can start to do real work.
545 * IVirtualBox is the root interface of VirtualBox and will be
546 * retrieved from the XPCOM component manager. We use the
547 * XPCOM provided smart pointer nsCOMPtr for all objects because
548 * that's very convenient and removes the need deal with reference
549 * counting and freeing.
550 */
551 nsCOMPtr<nsIComponentManager> manager;
552 rc = NS_GetComponentManager(getter_AddRefs(manager));
553 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
554 {
555 printf("Error: could not get component manager! rc=%#x\n", rc);
556 return -1;
557 }
558
559 nsCOMPtr<IVirtualBox> virtualBox;
560 rc = manager->CreateInstanceByContractID(NS_VIRTUALBOX_CONTRACTID,
561 nsnull,
562 NS_GET_IID(IVirtualBox),
563 getter_AddRefs(virtualBox));
564 if (NS_FAILED(rc))
565 {
566 printf("Error, could not instantiate VirtualBox object! rc=%#x\n", rc);
567 return -1;
568 }
569 printf("VirtualBox object created\n");
570
571 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
572 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
573 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
574
575
576 listVMs(virtualBox);
577
578 createVM(virtualBox);
579
580
581 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
582 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
583 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
584
585 /* this is enough to free the IVirtualBox instance -- smart pointers rule! */
586 virtualBox = nsnull;
587
588 /*
589 * Process events that might have queued up in the XPCOM event
590 * queue. If we don't process them, the server might hang.
591 */
592 eventQ->ProcessPendingEvents();
593 }
594
595 /*
596 * Perform the standard XPCOM shutdown procedure.
597 */
598 NS_ShutdownXPCOM(nsnull);
599 printf("Done!\n");
600 return 0;
601}
602
603
604//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
605//// Helpers
606//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
607
608/**
609 * Helper function to convert an nsID into a human readable string
610 *
611 * @returns result string, allocated. Has to be freed using free()
612 * @param guid Pointer to nsID that will be converted.
613 */
614char *nsIDToString(nsID *guid)
615{
616 char *res = (char *)malloc(39);
617 if (res != NULL)
618 {
619 snprintf(res, 39, "{%08x-%04x-%04x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x}",
620 guid->m0, (PRUint32)guid->m1, (PRUint32)guid->m2,
621 (PRUint32)guid->m3[0], (PRUint32)guid->m3[1], (PRUint32)guid->m3[2],
622 (PRUint32)guid->m3[3], (PRUint32)guid->m3[4], (PRUint32)guid->m3[5],
623 (PRUint32)guid->m3[6], (PRUint32)guid->m3[7]);
624 }
625 return res;
626}
627
628/**
629 * Helper function to print XPCOM exception information set on the current
630 * thread after a failed XPCOM method call. This function will also print
631 * extended VirtualBox error info if it is available.
632 */
633void printErrorInfo()
634{
635 nsresult rc = NS_ERROR_UNEXPECTED;
636 nsCOMPtr<nsIExceptionService> es;
637 es = do_GetService(NS_EXCEPTIONSERVICE_CONTRACTID, &rc);
638 if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc))
639 {
640 nsCOMPtr<nsIExceptionManager> em;
641 rc = es->GetCurrentExceptionManager(getter_AddRefs(em));
642 if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc))
643 {
644 nsCOMPtr<nsIException> ex;
645 rc = em->GetCurrentException(getter_AddRefs(ex));
646 if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc) && ex)
647 {
648 nsCOMPtr<IVirtualBoxErrorInfo> info;
649 info = do_QueryInterface(ex, &rc);
650 if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc) && info)
651 {
652 /* got extended error info */
653 printf("Extended error info (IVirtualBoxErrorInfo):\n");
654 PRInt32 resultCode = NS_OK;
655 info->GetResultCode(&resultCode);
656 printf(" resultCode=%08X\n", resultCode);
657 nsXPIDLString component;
658 info->GetComponent(getter_Copies(component));
659 printf(" component=%s\n", NS_ConvertUTF16toUTF8(component).get());
660 nsXPIDLString text;
661 info->GetText(getter_Copies(text));
662 printf(" text=%s\n", NS_ConvertUTF16toUTF8(text).get());
663 }
664 else
665 {
666 /* got basic error info */
667 printf("Basic error info (nsIException):\n");
668 nsresult resultCode = NS_OK;
669 ex->GetResult(&resultCode);
670 printf(" resultCode=%08X\n", resultCode);
671 nsXPIDLCString message;
672 ex->GetMessage(getter_Copies(message));
673 printf(" message=%s\n", message.get());
674 }
675
676 /* reset the exception to NULL to indicate we've processed it */
677 em->SetCurrentException(NULL);
678
679 rc = NS_OK;
680 }
681 }
682 }
683}
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