/* $Id: SUPR3HardenedMainImports-win.cpp 98103 2023-01-17 14:15:46Z vboxsync $ */ /** @file * VirtualBox Support Library - Hardened Main, Windows Import Trickery. */ /* * Copyright (C) 2006-2023 Oracle and/or its affiliates. * * This file is part of VirtualBox base platform packages, as * available from https://www.virtualbox.org. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License * as published by the Free Software Foundation, in version 3 of the * License. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, see . * * The contents of this file may alternatively be used under the terms * of the Common Development and Distribution License Version 1.0 * (CDDL), a copy of it is provided in the "COPYING.CDDL" file included * in the VirtualBox distribution, in which case the provisions of the * CDDL are applicable instead of those of the GPL. * * You may elect to license modified versions of this file under the * terms and conditions of either the GPL or the CDDL or both. * * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only OR CDDL-1.0 */ /********************************************************************************************************************************* * Header Files * *********************************************************************************************************************************/ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "SUPLibInternal.h" #include "SUPHardenedVerify-win.h" /********************************************************************************************************************************* * Defined Constants And Macros * *********************************************************************************************************************************/ #define SUPHARNT_COMMENT(a_Blah) /* nothing */ #define VBOX_HARDENED_STUB_WITHOUT_IMPORTS #ifdef VBOX_HARDENED_STUB_WITHOUT_IMPORTS # define SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(a_fReportErrors, a_id, a_szWhere, a_enmOp, a_rc, ...) \ do { \ if (a_fReportErrors) supR3HardenedFatalMsg(a_szWhere, a_enmOp, a_rc, __VA_ARGS__); \ else { static const char s_szWhere[] = a_szWhere; *(char *)(uintptr_t)(a_id) += 1; __debugbreak(); } \ } while (0) #else # define SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(a_fReportErrors, a_id, a_szWhere, a_enmOp, a_rc, ...) \ supR3HardenedFatalMsg(a_szWhere, a_enmOp, a_rc, __VA_ARGS__) #endif /********************************************************************************************************************************* * Defined Constants And Macros * *********************************************************************************************************************************/ /** * Import function entry. */ typedef struct SUPHNTIMPFUNC { /** The name of the function we're importing. */ const char *pszName; /** Where to store the function address (think __imp_ApiName). */ PFNRT *ppfnImport; /** Pointer to an early dummy function for imports that aren't available * during early process initialization. */ PFNRT pfnEarlyDummy; /** Indicates whether this is an optional import and failure to locate it * should set it to NULL instead of freaking out. */ bool fOptional; } SUPHNTIMPFUNC; /** Pointer to an import table entry. */ typedef SUPHNTIMPFUNC const *PCSUPHNTIMPFUNC; /** * Information for constructing a direct system call. */ typedef struct SUPHNTIMPSYSCALL { /** Where to store the system call number. * NULL if this import doesn't stupport direct system call. */ uint32_t *puApiNo; /** Assembly system call routine, type 1. */ PFNRT pfnType1; /** Assembly system call routine, type 2. */ PFNRT pfnType2; #ifdef RT_ARCH_X86 /** The parameter size in bytes for a standard call. */ uint32_t cbParams; #endif } SUPHNTIMPSYSCALL; /** Pointer to a system call entry. */ typedef SUPHNTIMPSYSCALL const *PCSUPHNTIMPSYSCALL; /** * Import DLL. * * This contains both static (like name & imports) and runtime information (like * load and export table locations). * * @sa RTDBGNTKRNLMODINFO */ typedef struct SUPHNTIMPDLL { /** @name Static data. * @{ */ const wchar_t *pwszName; const char *pszName; size_t cImports; PCSUPHNTIMPFUNC paImports; /** Array running parallel to paImports if present. */ PCSUPHNTIMPSYSCALL paSyscalls; /** @} */ /** The image base. */ uint8_t const *pbImageBase; /** The NT headers. */ PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS pNtHdrs; /** The NT header offset/RVA. */ uint32_t offNtHdrs; /** The end of the section headers. */ uint32_t offEndSectHdrs; /** The end of the image. */ uint32_t cbImage; /** Offset of the export directory. */ uint32_t offExportDir; /** Size of the export directory. */ uint32_t cbExportDir; /** Exported functions and data by ordinal (RVAs). */ uint32_t const *paoffExports; /** The number of exports. */ uint32_t cExports; /** The number of exported names. */ uint32_t cNamedExports; /** Pointer to the array of exported names (RVAs to strings). */ uint32_t const *paoffNamedExports; /** Array parallel to paoffNamedExports with the corresponding ordinals * (indexes into paoffExports). */ uint16_t const *pau16NameOrdinals; /** Number of patched export table entries. */ uint32_t cPatchedExports; } SUPHNTIMPDLL; /** Pointer to an import DLL entry. */ typedef SUPHNTIMPDLL *PSUPHNTIMPDLL; /* * Declare assembly symbols. */ #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ extern PFNRT RT_CONCAT(g_pfn, a_Name); #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY_OPTIONAL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_SYSCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ extern uint32_t RT_CONCAT(g_uApiNo, a_Name); \ extern FNRT RT_CONCAT(a_Name, _SyscallType1); \ extern FNRT RT_CONCAT(a_Name, _SyscallType2); #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ extern PFNRT RT_CONCAT(g_pfn, a_Name); \ extern FNRT RT_CONCAT(a_Name, _Early); #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_OPTIONAL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) RT_C_DECLS_BEGIN #include "import-template-ntdll.h" #include "import-template-kernel32.h" RT_C_DECLS_END /* * Import functions. */ #undef SUPHARNT_IMPORT_SYSCALL #undef SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY #undef SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY_OPTIONAL #undef SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL #undef SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_OPTIONAL #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_SYSCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ { #a_Name, &RT_CONCAT(g_pfn, a_Name), NULL, false }, #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ { #a_Name, &RT_CONCAT(g_pfn, a_Name), NULL, false }, #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY_OPTIONAL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ { #a_Name, &RT_CONCAT(g_pfn, a_Name), NULL, true }, #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ { #a_Name, &RT_CONCAT(g_pfn, a_Name), RT_CONCAT(a_Name,_Early), false }, #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_OPTIONAL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ { #a_Name, &RT_CONCAT(g_pfn, a_Name), RT_CONCAT(a_Name,_Early), true }, static const SUPHNTIMPFUNC g_aSupNtImpNtDllFunctions[] = { #include "import-template-ntdll.h" }; static const SUPHNTIMPFUNC g_aSupNtImpKernel32Functions[] = { #include "import-template-kernel32.h" }; /* * Syscalls in ntdll. */ #undef SUPHARNT_IMPORT_SYSCALL #undef SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY #undef SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY_OPTIONAL #undef SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL #undef SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_OPTIONAL #ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64 # define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ { NULL, NULL }, # define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_SYSCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ { &RT_CONCAT(g_uApiNo, a_Name), &RT_CONCAT(a_Name, _SyscallType1), &RT_CONCAT(a_Name, _SyscallType2) }, #elif defined(RT_ARCH_X86) # define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 }, # define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_SYSCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) \ { &RT_CONCAT(g_uApiNo, a_Name), &RT_CONCAT(a_Name,_SyscallType1), &RT_CONCAT(a_Name, _SyscallType2), a_cbParamsX86 }, #endif #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_OPTIONAL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) #define SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL_EARLY_OPTIONAL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) SUPHARNT_IMPORT_STDCALL(a_Name, a_cbParamsX86) static const SUPHNTIMPSYSCALL g_aSupNtImpNtDllSyscalls[] = { #include "import-template-ntdll.h" }; /** * All the DLLs we import from. * @remarks Code ASSUMES that ntdll is the first entry. */ static SUPHNTIMPDLL g_aSupNtImpDlls[] = { { L"ntdll.dll", "ntdll.dll", RT_ELEMENTS(g_aSupNtImpNtDllFunctions), g_aSupNtImpNtDllFunctions, g_aSupNtImpNtDllSyscalls }, { L"kernelbase.dll", "kernelbase.dll", 0 /* optional module, forwarders only */, NULL, NULL }, { L"kernel32.dll", "kernel32.dll", RT_ELEMENTS(g_aSupNtImpKernel32Functions), g_aSupNtImpKernel32Functions, NULL }, }; static void supR3HardenedFindOrLoadModule(PSUPHNTIMPDLL pDll) { #ifdef VBOX_HARDENED_STUB_WITHOUT_IMPORTS uint32_t const cbName = (uint32_t)RTUtf16Len(pDll->pwszName) * sizeof(WCHAR); PPEB_LDR_DATA pLdrData = NtCurrentPeb()->Ldr; LIST_ENTRY *pList = &pLdrData->InMemoryOrderModuleList; LIST_ENTRY *pListEntry = pList->Flink; uint32_t cLoops = 0; while (pListEntry != pList && cLoops < 1024) { PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY pLdrEntry = RT_FROM_MEMBER(pListEntry, LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY, InMemoryOrderLinks); if ( pLdrEntry->FullDllName.Length > cbName + sizeof(WCHAR) && ( pLdrEntry->FullDllName.Buffer[(pLdrEntry->FullDllName.Length - cbName) / sizeof(WCHAR) - 1] == '\\' || pLdrEntry->FullDllName.Buffer[(pLdrEntry->FullDllName.Length - cbName) / sizeof(WCHAR) - 1] == '/') && RTUtf16ICmpAscii(&pLdrEntry->FullDllName.Buffer[(pLdrEntry->FullDllName.Length - cbName) / sizeof(WCHAR)], pDll->pszName) == 0) { pDll->pbImageBase = (uint8_t *)pLdrEntry->DllBase; return; } pListEntry = pListEntry->Flink; cLoops++; } if (!pDll->cImports) pDll->pbImageBase = NULL; /* optional */ else SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 1, "supR3HardenedFindOrLoadModule", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND, "Failed to locate %ls", pDll->pwszName); #else HMODULE hmod = GetModuleHandleW(pDll->pwszName); if (RT_UNLIKELY(!hmod && pDll->cImports)) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(true, 1, "supR3HardenedWinInitImports", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND, "Failed to locate %ls", pDll->pwszName); pDll->pbImageBase = (uint8_t *)hmod; #endif } /** @sa rtR0DbgKrnlNtParseModule */ static void supR3HardenedParseModule(PSUPHNTIMPDLL pDll) { /* * Locate the PE header, do some basic validations. */ IMAGE_DOS_HEADER const *pMzHdr = (IMAGE_DOS_HEADER const *)pDll->pbImageBase; uint32_t offNtHdrs = 0; PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS pNtHdrs; if (pMzHdr->e_magic == IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) { offNtHdrs = pMzHdr->e_lfanew; if (offNtHdrs > _2K) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 2, "supR3HardenedParseModule", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND, "%ls: e_lfanew=%#x, expected a lower value", pDll->pwszName, offNtHdrs); } pDll->pNtHdrs = pNtHdrs = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)&pDll->pbImageBase[offNtHdrs]; if (pNtHdrs->Signature != IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 3, "supR3HardenedParseModule", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE, "%ls: Invalid PE signature: %#x", pDll->pwszName, pNtHdrs->Signature); if (pNtHdrs->FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader != sizeof(pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader)) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 4, "supR3HardenedParseModule", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE, "%ls: Unexpected optional header size: %#x", pDll->pwszName, pNtHdrs->FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader); if (pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.Magic != RT_CONCAT3(IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR,ARCH_BITS,_MAGIC)) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 5, "supR3HardenedParseModule", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE, "%ls: Unexpected optional header magic: %#x", pDll->pwszName, pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.Magic); if (pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.NumberOfRvaAndSizes != IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 6, "supR3HardenedParseModule", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE, "%ls: Unexpected number of RVA and sizes: %#x", pDll->pwszName, pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.NumberOfRvaAndSizes); pDll->offNtHdrs = offNtHdrs; pDll->offEndSectHdrs = offNtHdrs + sizeof(*pNtHdrs) + pNtHdrs->FileHeader.NumberOfSections * sizeof(IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER); pDll->cbImage = pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage; /* * Find the export directory. */ IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY ExpDir = pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT]; if ( ExpDir.Size < sizeof(IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY) || ExpDir.VirtualAddress < pDll->offEndSectHdrs || ExpDir.VirtualAddress >= pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage || ExpDir.VirtualAddress + ExpDir.Size > pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 7, "supR3HardenedParseModule", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE, "%ls: Missing or invalid export directory: %#lx LB %#x", pDll->pwszName, ExpDir.VirtualAddress, ExpDir.Size); pDll->offExportDir = ExpDir.VirtualAddress; pDll->cbExportDir = ExpDir.Size; IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY const *pExpDir = (IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY const *)&pDll->pbImageBase[ExpDir.VirtualAddress]; if ( pExpDir->NumberOfFunctions >= _1M || pExpDir->NumberOfFunctions < 1 || pExpDir->NumberOfNames >= _1M || pExpDir->NumberOfNames < 1) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 8, "supR3HardenedParseModule", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE, "%ls: NumberOfNames or/and NumberOfFunctions are outside the expected range: nof=%#x non=%#x\n", pDll->pwszName, pExpDir->NumberOfFunctions, pExpDir->NumberOfNames); pDll->cNamedExports = pExpDir->NumberOfNames; pDll->cExports = RT_MAX(pExpDir->NumberOfNames, pExpDir->NumberOfFunctions); if ( pExpDir->AddressOfFunctions < pDll->offEndSectHdrs || pExpDir->AddressOfFunctions >= pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage || pExpDir->AddressOfFunctions + pDll->cExports * sizeof(uint32_t) > pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 9, "supR3HardenedParseModule", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE, "%ls: Bad AddressOfFunctions: %#x\n", pDll->pwszName, pExpDir->AddressOfFunctions); pDll->paoffExports = (uint32_t const *)&pDll->pbImageBase[pExpDir->AddressOfFunctions]; if ( pExpDir->AddressOfNames < pDll->offEndSectHdrs || pExpDir->AddressOfNames >= pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage || pExpDir->AddressOfNames + pExpDir->NumberOfNames * sizeof(uint32_t) > pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 10, "supR3HardenedParseModule", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE, "%ls: Bad AddressOfNames: %#x\n", pDll->pwszName, pExpDir->AddressOfNames); pDll->paoffNamedExports = (uint32_t const *)&pDll->pbImageBase[pExpDir->AddressOfNames]; if ( pExpDir->AddressOfNameOrdinals < pDll->offEndSectHdrs || pExpDir->AddressOfNameOrdinals >= pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage || pExpDir->AddressOfNameOrdinals + pExpDir->NumberOfNames * sizeof(uint32_t) > pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 11, "supR3HardenedParseModule", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE, "%ls: Bad AddressOfNameOrdinals: %#x\n", pDll->pwszName, pExpDir->AddressOfNameOrdinals); pDll->pau16NameOrdinals = (uint16_t const *)&pDll->pbImageBase[pExpDir->AddressOfNameOrdinals]; } /** @sa rtR0DbgKrnlInfoLookupSymbol */ static const char *supR3HardenedResolveImport(PSUPHNTIMPDLL pDll, PCSUPHNTIMPFUNC pImport, bool fReportErrors) { /* * Binary search. */ uint32_t iStart = 0; uint32_t iEnd = pDll->cNamedExports; while (iStart < iEnd) { uint32_t iCur = iStart + (iEnd - iStart) / 2; uint32_t offExpName = pDll->paoffNamedExports[iCur]; if (RT_UNLIKELY(offExpName < pDll->offEndSectHdrs || offExpName >= pDll->cbImage)) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(fReportErrors, 12, "supR3HardenedResolveImport", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_SYMBOL_NOT_FOUND, "%ls: Bad export name entry: %#x (iCur=%#x)", pDll->pwszName, offExpName, iCur); const char *pszExpName = (const char *)&pDll->pbImageBase[offExpName]; int iDiff = strcmp(pszExpName, pImport->pszName); if (iDiff > 0) /* pszExpName > pszSymbol: search chunck before i */ iEnd = iCur; else if (iDiff < 0) /* pszExpName < pszSymbol: search chunk after i */ iStart = iCur + 1; else /* pszExpName == pszSymbol */ { uint16_t iExpOrdinal = pDll->pau16NameOrdinals[iCur]; if (iExpOrdinal < pDll->cExports) { uint32_t offExport = pDll->paoffExports[iExpOrdinal]; /* detect export table patching. */ if (offExport >= pDll->cbImage) pDll->cPatchedExports++; if (offExport - pDll->offExportDir >= pDll->cbExportDir) { *pImport->ppfnImport = (PFNRT)&pDll->pbImageBase[offExport]; return NULL; } /* Forwarder. */ return (const char *)&pDll->pbImageBase[offExport]; } SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(fReportErrors, 14, "supR3HardenedResolveImport", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT, "%ls: Name ordinal for '%s' is out of bounds: %#x (max %#x)", pDll->pwszName, iExpOrdinal, pDll->cExports); return NULL; } } if (!pImport->fOptional) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(fReportErrors, 15, "supR3HardenedResolveImport", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_SYMBOL_NOT_FOUND, "%ls: Failed to resolve '%s'.", pDll->pwszName, pImport->pszName); *pImport->ppfnImport = NULL; return NULL; } static void supR3HardenedDirectSyscall(PSUPHNTIMPDLL pDll, PCSUPHNTIMPFUNC pImport, PCSUPHNTIMPSYSCALL pSyscall, PSUPHNTLDRCACHEENTRY pLdrEntry, uint8_t *pbBits, bool fReportErrors) { /* * Skip non-syscall entries. */ if (!pSyscall->puApiNo) return; /* * Locate the virgin bits. */ RTLDRADDR uValue; int rc = RTLdrGetSymbolEx(pLdrEntry->hLdrMod, pbBits, (uintptr_t)pDll->pbImageBase, UINT32_MAX, pImport->pszName, &uValue); if (RT_FAILURE(rc)) { SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(fReportErrors, 16, "supR3HardenedDirectSyscall", kSupInitOp_Misc, rc, "%s: RTLdrGetSymbolEx failed on %s: %Rrc", pDll->pszName, pImport->pszName, rc); return; } uintptr_t offSymbol = (uintptr_t)uValue - (uintptr_t)pDll->pbImageBase; uint8_t const *pbFunction = &pbBits[offSymbol]; /* * Parse the code and extract the API call number. */ #ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64 /* Pattern #1: XP64/W2K3-64 thru Windows 10 build 10240. 0:000> u ntdll!NtCreateSection ntdll!NtCreateSection: 00000000`779f1750 4c8bd1 mov r10,rcx 00000000`779f1753 b847000000 mov eax,47h 00000000`779f1758 0f05 syscall 00000000`779f175a c3 ret 00000000`779f175b 0f1f440000 nop dword ptr [rax+rax] Pattern #2: Windows 10 build 10525+. 0:000> u ntdll_7ffc26300000!NtCreateSection ntdll_7ffc26300000!ZwCreateSection: 00007ffc`263943e0 4c8bd1 mov r10,rcx 00007ffc`263943e3 b84a000000 mov eax,4Ah 00007ffc`263943e8 f604250803fe7f01 test byte ptr [SharedUserData+0x308 (00000000`7ffe0308)],1 00007ffc`263943f0 7503 jne ntdll_7ffc26300000!ZwCreateSection+0x15 (00007ffc`263943f5) 00007ffc`263943f2 0f05 syscall 00007ffc`263943f4 c3 ret 00007ffc`263943f5 cd2e int 2Eh 00007ffc`263943f7 c3 ret */ if ( pbFunction[ 0] == 0x4c /* mov r10, rcx */ && pbFunction[ 1] == 0x8b && pbFunction[ 2] == 0xd1 && pbFunction[ 3] == 0xb8 /* mov eax, 0000yyzzh */ //&& pbFunction[ 4] == 0xZZ //&& pbFunction[ 5] == 0xYY && pbFunction[ 6] == 0x00 && pbFunction[ 7] == 0x00) { if ( pbFunction[ 8] == 0x0f /* syscall */ && pbFunction[ 9] == 0x05 && pbFunction[10] == 0xc3 /* ret */ ) { *pSyscall->puApiNo = RT_MAKE_U16(pbFunction[4], pbFunction[5]); *pImport->ppfnImport = pSyscall->pfnType1; return; } if ( pbFunction[ 8] == 0xf6 /* test byte ptr [SharedUserData+0x308 (00000000`7ffe0308)],1 */ && pbFunction[ 9] == 0x04 && pbFunction[10] == 0x25 && pbFunction[11] == 0x08 && pbFunction[12] == 0x03 && pbFunction[13] == 0xfe && pbFunction[14] == 0x7f && pbFunction[15] == 0x01 && pbFunction[16] == 0x75 /* jnz +3 */ && pbFunction[17] == 0x03 && pbFunction[18] == 0x0f /* syscall*/ && pbFunction[19] == 0x05 && pbFunction[20] == 0xc3 /* ret */ && pbFunction[21] == 0xcd /* int 2eh */ && pbFunction[22] == 0x2e && pbFunction[23] == 0xc3 /* ret */ ) { *pSyscall->puApiNo = RT_MAKE_U16(pbFunction[4], pbFunction[5]); *pImport->ppfnImport = pSyscall->pfnType2; return; } } #else /* Pattern #1: XP thru Windows 7 kd> u ntdll!NtCreateSection ntdll!NtCreateSection: 7c90d160 b832000000 mov eax,32h 7c90d165 ba0003fe7f mov edx,offset SharedUserData!SystemCallStub (7ffe0300) 7c90d16a ff12 call dword ptr [edx] 7c90d16c c21c00 ret 1Ch 7c90d16f 90 nop The variable bit is the value loaded into eax: XP=32h, W2K3=34h, Vista=4bh, W7=54h Pattern #2: Windows 8.1 0:000:x86> u ntdll_6a0f0000!NtCreateSection ntdll_6a0f0000!NtCreateSection: 6a15eabc b854010000 mov eax,154h 6a15eac1 e803000000 call ntdll_6a0f0000!NtCreateSection+0xd (6a15eac9) 6a15eac6 c21c00 ret 1Ch 6a15eac9 8bd4 mov edx,esp 6a15eacb 0f34 sysenter 6a15eacd c3 ret The variable bit is the value loaded into eax: W81=154h Note! One nice thing here is that we can share code pattern #1. */ if ( pbFunction[ 0] == 0xb8 /* mov eax, 0000yyzzh*/ //&& pbFunction[ 1] <= 0xZZ //&& pbFunction[ 2] <= 0xYY && pbFunction[ 3] == 0x00 && pbFunction[ 4] == 0x00) { *pSyscall->puApiNo = RT_MAKE_U16(pbFunction[1], pbFunction[2]); if ( pbFunction[5] == 0xba /* mov edx, offset SharedUserData!SystemCallStub */ && pbFunction[ 6] == 0x00 && pbFunction[ 7] == 0x03 && pbFunction[ 8] == 0xfe && pbFunction[ 9] == 0x7f && pbFunction[10] == 0xff /* call [edx] */ && pbFunction[11] == 0x12 && ( ( pbFunction[12] == 0xc2 /* ret 1ch */ && pbFunction[13] == pSyscall->cbParams && pbFunction[14] == 0x00) || ( pbFunction[12] == 0xc3 /* ret */ && pSyscall->cbParams == 0) ) ) { *pImport->ppfnImport = pSyscall->pfnType1; return; } if ( pbFunction[ 5] == 0xe8 /* call [$+3] */ && RT_ABS(*(int32_t *)&pbFunction[6]) < 0x10 && ( ( pbFunction[10] == 0xc2 /* ret 1ch */ && pbFunction[11] == pSyscall->cbParams && pbFunction[12] == 0x00) || ( pbFunction[10] == 0xc3 /* ret */ && pSyscall->cbParams == 0) ) ) { *pImport->ppfnImport = pSyscall->pfnType2; return; } } #endif /* * Failed to parse it. */ volatile uint8_t abCopy[16]; memcpy((void *)&abCopy[0], pbFunction, sizeof(abCopy)); SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(fReportErrors, 17, "supR3HardenedWinInitImports", kSupInitOp_Misc, rc, "%ls: failed to parse syscall: '%s': %.16Rhxs", pDll->pwszName, pImport->pszName, &abCopy[0]); } /** * Check out system calls and do the directly instead of via NtDll. * * We need to have access to the on disk NTDLL.DLL file as we do not trust the * stuff we find in memory. Too early to verify signatures though. * * @param fReportErrors Whether we've got the machinery for reporting * errors going already. * @param pErrInfo Buffer for gathering additional error info. This * is mainly to avoid consuming lots of stacks with * RTERRINFOSTATIC structures. */ DECLHIDDEN(void) supR3HardenedWinInitSyscalls(bool fReportErrors, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo) { for (uint32_t iDll = 0; iDll < RT_ELEMENTS(g_aSupNtImpDlls); iDll++) if (g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].paSyscalls) { PSUPHNTLDRCACHEENTRY pLdrEntry; int rc = supHardNtLdrCacheOpen(g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pszName, &pLdrEntry, pErrInfo); if (RT_SUCCESS(rc)) { uint8_t *pbBits; rc = supHardNtLdrCacheEntryGetBits(pLdrEntry, &pbBits, (uintptr_t)g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pbImageBase, NULL, NULL, pErrInfo); if (RT_SUCCESS(rc)) { for (uint32_t i = 0; i < g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].cImports; i++) supR3HardenedDirectSyscall(&g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll], &g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].paImports[i], &g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].paSyscalls[i], pLdrEntry, pbBits, fReportErrors); } else SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(fReportErrors, 20, "supR3HardenedWinInitImports", kSupInitOp_Misc, rc, "%ls: supHardNtLdrCacheEntryGetBits failed: %Rrc %s", g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pwszName, rc, pErrInfo ? pErrInfo->pszMsg : ""); } else SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(fReportErrors, 21, "supR3HardenedWinInitImports", kSupInitOp_Misc, rc, "%ls: supHardNtLdrCacheOpen failed: %Rrc %s", g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pwszName, rc, pErrInfo ? pErrInfo->pszMsg : ""); } } /** * Resolves a few NtDll functions we need before child purification is executed. * * We must not permanently modify any global data here. * * @param uNtDllAddr The address of the NTDLL. * @param ppfnNtWaitForSingleObject Where to store the NtWaitForSingleObject * address. * @param ppfnNtSetEvent Where to store the NtSetEvent address. */ DECLHIDDEN(void) supR3HardenedWinGetVeryEarlyImports(uintptr_t uNtDllAddr, PFNNTWAITFORSINGLEOBJECT *ppfnNtWaitForSingleObject, PFNNTSETEVENT *ppfnNtSetEvent) { /* * NTDLL is the first entry in the list. Save it and do the parsing. */ SUPHNTIMPDLL SavedDllEntry = g_aSupNtImpDlls[0]; g_aSupNtImpDlls[0].pbImageBase = (uint8_t const *)uNtDllAddr; supR3HardenedParseModule(&g_aSupNtImpDlls[0]); /* * Create a temporary import table for the requested APIs and resolve them. */ SUPHNTIMPFUNC aImports[] = { { "NtWaitForSingleObject", (PFNRT *)ppfnNtWaitForSingleObject, NULL, false }, { "NtSetEvent", (PFNRT *)ppfnNtSetEvent, NULL, false }, }; for (uint32_t i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(aImports); i++) { const char *pszForwarder = supR3HardenedResolveImport(&g_aSupNtImpDlls[0], &aImports[i], false); if (pszForwarder) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 31, "supR3HardenedWinGetVeryEarlyImports", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND, "ntdll: Failed to resolve forwarder '%s'.", pszForwarder); } /* * Restore the NtDll entry. */ g_aSupNtImpDlls[0] = SavedDllEntry; } /** * Resolves NtDll functions we can trust calling before process init. * * @param uNtDllAddr The address of the NTDLL. */ DECLHIDDEN(void) supR3HardenedWinInitImportsEarly(uintptr_t uNtDllAddr) { /* * NTDLL is the first entry in the list. */ g_aSupNtImpDlls[0].pbImageBase = (uint8_t const *)uNtDllAddr; supR3HardenedParseModule(&g_aSupNtImpDlls[0]); for (uint32_t i = 0; i < g_aSupNtImpDlls[0].cImports; i++) if (!g_aSupNtImpDlls[0].paImports[i].pfnEarlyDummy) { const char *pszForwarder = supR3HardenedResolveImport(&g_aSupNtImpDlls[0], &g_aSupNtImpDlls[0].paImports[i], false); if (pszForwarder) SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 32, "supR3HardenedWinInitImports", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND, "ntdll: Failed to resolve forwarder '%s'.", pszForwarder); } else *g_aSupNtImpDlls[0].paImports[i].ppfnImport = g_aSupNtImpDlls[0].paImports[i].pfnEarlyDummy; /* * Point the other imports at the early init stubs. */ for (uint32_t iDll = 1; iDll < RT_ELEMENTS(g_aSupNtImpDlls); iDll++) for (uint32_t i = 0; i < g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].cImports; i++) if (!g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].paImports[i].fOptional) *g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].paImports[i].ppfnImport = g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].paImports[i].pfnEarlyDummy; else *g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].paImports[i].ppfnImport = NULL; } /** * Resolves imported functions, esp. system calls from NTDLL. * * This crap is necessary because there are sandboxing products out there that * will mess with system calls we make, just like any other wannabe userland * rootkit. Kudos to microsoft for not providing a generic system call hook API * in the kernel mode, which I guess is what forcing these kind of products to * do ugly userland hacks that doesn't really hold water. */ DECLHIDDEN(void) supR3HardenedWinInitImports(void) { RTERRINFOSTATIC ErrInfo; /* * Find the DLLs we will be needing first (forwarders). */ for (uint32_t iDll = 0; iDll < RT_ELEMENTS(g_aSupNtImpDlls); iDll++) { supR3HardenedFindOrLoadModule(&g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll]); if (g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pbImageBase) supR3HardenedParseModule(&g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll]); } /* * Resolve the functions. */ for (uint32_t iDll = 0; iDll < RT_ELEMENTS(g_aSupNtImpDlls); iDll++) for (uint32_t i = 0; i < g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].cImports; i++) { const char *pszForwarder = supR3HardenedResolveImport(&g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll], &g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].paImports[i], false); if (pszForwarder) { const char *pszDot = strchr(pszForwarder, '.'); size_t cchDllName = pszDot - pszForwarder; SUPHNTIMPFUNC Tmp = g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].paImports[i]; Tmp.pszName = pszDot + 1; if (cchDllName == sizeof("ntdll") - 1 && RTStrNICmp(pszForwarder, RT_STR_TUPLE("ntdll")) == 0) supR3HardenedResolveImport(&g_aSupNtImpDlls[0], &Tmp, false); else if (cchDllName == sizeof("kernelbase") - 1 && RTStrNICmp(pszForwarder, RT_STR_TUPLE("kernelbase")) == 0) supR3HardenedResolveImport(&g_aSupNtImpDlls[1], &Tmp, false); else SUPHNTIMP_ERROR(false, 18, "supR3HardenedWinInitImports", kSupInitOp_Misc, VERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND, "%ls: Failed to resolve forwarder '%s'.", g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pwszName, pszForwarder); } } /* * Do system calls directly. */ supR3HardenedWinInitSyscalls(false, RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo)); /* * Use the on disk image to avoid export table patching. Currently * ignoring errors here as can live normally without this step. */ for (uint32_t iDll = 0; iDll < RT_ELEMENTS(g_aSupNtImpDlls); iDll++) if (g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].cPatchedExports > 0) { PSUPHNTLDRCACHEENTRY pLdrEntry; int rc = supHardNtLdrCacheOpen(g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pszName, &pLdrEntry, RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo)); if (RT_SUCCESS(rc)) { uint8_t *pbBits; rc = supHardNtLdrCacheEntryGetBits(pLdrEntry, &pbBits, (uintptr_t)g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pbImageBase, NULL, NULL, RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo)); if (RT_SUCCESS(rc)) for (uint32_t i = 0; i < g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].cImports; i++) { RTLDRADDR uValue; rc = RTLdrGetSymbolEx(pLdrEntry->hLdrMod, pbBits, (uintptr_t)g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pbImageBase, UINT32_MAX, g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].paImports[i].pszName, &uValue); if (RT_SUCCESS(rc)) *g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].paImports[i].ppfnImport = (PFNRT)(uintptr_t)uValue; } } } #if 0 /* Win7/32 ntdll!LdrpDebugFlags. */ *(uint8_t *)&g_aSupNtImpDlls[0].pbImageBase[0xdd770] = 0x3; #endif } /** * Gets the address of a procedure in a DLL, ignoring our own syscall * implementations. * * Currently restricted to NTDLL and KERNEL32 * * @returns The procedure address. * @param pszDll The DLL name. * @param pszProcedure The procedure name. */ DECLHIDDEN(PFNRT) supR3HardenedWinGetRealDllSymbol(const char *pszDll, const char *pszProcedure) { RTERRINFOSTATIC ErrInfo; /* * Look the DLL up in the import DLL table. */ for (uint32_t iDll = 0; iDll < RT_ELEMENTS(g_aSupNtImpDlls); iDll++) if (RTStrICmp(g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pszName, pszDll) == 0) { PSUPHNTLDRCACHEENTRY pLdrEntry; int rc = supHardNtLdrCacheOpen(g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pszName, &pLdrEntry, RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo)); if (RT_SUCCESS(rc)) { uint8_t *pbBits; rc = supHardNtLdrCacheEntryGetBits(pLdrEntry, &pbBits, (uintptr_t)g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pbImageBase, NULL, NULL, RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo)); if (RT_SUCCESS(rc)) { RTLDRADDR uValue; rc = RTLdrGetSymbolEx(pLdrEntry->hLdrMod, pbBits, (uintptr_t)g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pbImageBase, UINT32_MAX, pszProcedure, &uValue); if (RT_SUCCESS(rc)) return (PFNRT)(uintptr_t)uValue; SUP_DPRINTF(("supR3HardenedWinGetRealDllSymbol: Error getting %s in %s -> %Rrc\n", pszProcedure, pszDll, rc)); } else SUP_DPRINTF(("supR3HardenedWinGetRealDllSymbol: supHardNtLdrCacheEntryAllocBits failed on %s: %Rrc %s\n", pszDll, rc, ErrInfo.Core.pszMsg)); } else SUP_DPRINTF(("supR3HardenedWinGetRealDllSymbol: supHardNtLdrCacheOpen failed on %s: %Rrc %s\n", pszDll, rc, ErrInfo.Core.pszMsg)); /* Complications, just call GetProcAddress. */ if (g_enmSupR3HardenedMainState >= SUPR3HARDENEDMAINSTATE_WIN_IMPORTS_RESOLVED) return (PFNRT)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleW(g_aSupNtImpDlls[iDll].pwszName), pszProcedure); return NULL; } supR3HardenedFatal("supR3HardenedWinGetRealDllSymbol: Unknown DLL %s (proc: %s)\n", pszDll, pszProcedure); /* not reached */ }