| 1 | /* $Id: VBoxServiceBalloon.cpp 100316 2023-06-28 10:34:00Z vboxsync $ */
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| 2 | /** @file
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| 3 | * VBoxService - Memory Ballooning.
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| 4 | */
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| 5 |
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| 6 | /*
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| 7 | * Copyright (C) 2006-2023 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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| 8 | *
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| 9 | * This file is part of VirtualBox base platform packages, as
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| 10 | * available from https://www.virtualbox.org.
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| 11 | *
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| 12 | * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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| 13 | * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
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| 14 | * as published by the Free Software Foundation, in version 3 of the
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| 15 | * License.
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| 16 | *
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| 17 | * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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| 18 | * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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| 19 | * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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| 20 | * General Public License for more details.
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| 21 | *
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| 22 | * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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| 23 | * along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
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| 24 | *
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| 25 | * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
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| 26 | */
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| 27 |
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| 28 |
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| 29 | /** @page pg_vgsvc_memballoon VBoxService - Memory Ballooning
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| 30 | *
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| 31 | * The Memory Ballooning subservice works with VBoxGuest, PGM and GMM to
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| 32 | * dynamically reallocate memory between VMs.
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| 33 | *
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| 34 | * Memory ballooning is typically used to deal with overcomitting memory on the
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| 35 | * host. It allowes you to borrow memory from one or more VMs and make it
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| 36 | * available to others. In theory it could also be used to make memory
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| 37 | * available to the host system, however memory fragmentation typically makes
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| 38 | * that difficult.
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| 39 | *
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| 40 | * The memory ballooning subservices talks to PGM, GMM and Main via the VMMDev.
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| 41 | * It polls for change requests at an interval and executes them when they
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| 42 | * arrive. There are two ways we implement the actual ballooning, either
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| 43 | * VBoxGuest allocates kernel memory and donates it to the host, or this service
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| 44 | * allocates process memory which VBoxGuest then locks down and donates to the
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| 45 | * host. While we prefer the former method it is not practicable on all OS and
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| 46 | * we have to use the latter.
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| 47 | *
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| 48 | */
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| 49 |
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| 50 |
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| 51 | /*********************************************************************************************************************************
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| 52 | * Header Files *
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| 53 | *********************************************************************************************************************************/
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| 54 | #include <iprt/assert.h>
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| 55 | #include <iprt/mem.h>
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| 56 | #include <iprt/stream.h>
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| 57 | #include <iprt/string.h>
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| 58 | #include <iprt/semaphore.h>
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| 59 | #include <iprt/system.h>
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| 60 | #include <iprt/thread.h>
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| 61 | #include <iprt/time.h>
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| 62 | #include <VBox/err.h>
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| 63 | #include <VBox/VBoxGuestLib.h>
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| 64 | #include "VBoxServiceInternal.h"
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| 65 | #include "VBoxServiceUtils.h"
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| 66 |
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| 67 | #ifdef RT_OS_LINUX
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| 68 | # include <iprt/param.h>
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| 69 | # include <sys/mman.h>
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| 70 | # ifndef MADV_DONTFORK
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| 71 | # define MADV_DONTFORK 10
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| 72 | # endif
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| 73 | #endif
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| 74 |
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| 75 |
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| 76 |
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| 77 | /*********************************************************************************************************************************
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| 78 | * Global Variables *
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| 79 | *********************************************************************************************************************************/
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| 80 | /** The balloon size. */
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| 81 | static uint32_t g_cMemBalloonChunks = 0;
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| 82 |
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| 83 | /** The semaphore we're blocking on. */
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| 84 | static RTSEMEVENTMULTI g_MemBalloonEvent = NIL_RTSEMEVENTMULTI;
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| 85 |
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| 86 | /** The array holding the R3 pointers of the balloon. */
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| 87 | static void **g_pavBalloon = NULL;
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| 88 |
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| 89 | #ifdef RT_OS_LINUX
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| 90 | /** True = madvise(MADV_DONTFORK) works, false otherwise. */
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| 91 | static bool g_fSysMadviseWorks;
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| 92 | #endif
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| 93 |
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| 94 |
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| 95 | /**
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| 96 | * Check whether madvise() works.
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| 97 | */
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| 98 | static void vgsvcBalloonInitMadvise(void)
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| 99 | {
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| 100 | #ifdef RT_OS_LINUX
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| 101 | size_t const cbPage = RTSystemGetPageSize();
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| 102 | void *pv = (void*)mmap(NULL, cbPage, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
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| 103 | if (pv != MAP_FAILED)
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| 104 | {
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| 105 | g_fSysMadviseWorks = madvise(pv, cbPage, MADV_DONTFORK) == 0;
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| 106 | munmap(pv, cbPage);
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| 107 | }
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| 108 | #endif
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| 109 | }
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| 110 |
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| 111 |
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| 112 | /**
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| 113 | * Allocate a chunk of the balloon. Fulfil the prerequisite that we can lock this memory
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| 114 | * and protect it against fork() in R0. See also suplibOsPageAlloc().
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| 115 | */
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| 116 | static void *VGSvcBalloonAllocChunk(void)
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| 117 | {
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| 118 | size_t cb = VMMDEV_MEMORY_BALLOON_CHUNK_SIZE;
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| 119 | char *pu8;
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| 120 |
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| 121 | #ifdef RT_OS_LINUX
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| 122 | size_t const cbPage = RTSystemGetPageSize();
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| 123 | if (!g_fSysMadviseWorks)
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| 124 | cb += 2 * cbPage;
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| 125 |
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| 126 | pu8 = (char*)mmap(NULL, cb, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
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| 127 | if (pu8 == MAP_FAILED)
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| 128 | return NULL;
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| 129 |
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| 130 | if (g_fSysMadviseWorks)
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| 131 | {
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| 132 | /*
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| 133 | * It is not fatal if we fail here but a forked child (e.g. the ALSA sound server)
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| 134 | * could crash. Linux < 2.6.16 does not implement madvise(MADV_DONTFORK) but the
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| 135 | * kernel seems to split bigger VMAs and that is all that we want -- later we set the
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| 136 | * VM_DONTCOPY attribute in supdrvOSLockMemOne().
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| 137 | */
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| 138 | madvise(pu8, cb, MADV_DONTFORK);
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| 139 | }
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| 140 | else
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| 141 | {
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| 142 | /*
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| 143 | * madvise(MADV_DONTFORK) is not available (most probably Linux 2.4). Enclose any
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| 144 | * mmapped region by two unmapped pages to guarantee that there is exactly one VM
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| 145 | * area struct of the very same size as the mmap area.
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| 146 | */
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| 147 | RTMemProtect(pu8, cbPage, RTMEM_PROT_NONE);
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| 148 | RTMemProtect(pu8 + cb - cbPage, cbPage, RTMEM_PROT_NONE);
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| 149 | pu8 += cbPage;
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| 150 | }
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| 151 |
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| 152 | #else
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| 153 |
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| 154 | pu8 = (char*)RTMemPageAlloc(cb);
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| 155 | if (!pu8)
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| 156 | return pu8;
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| 157 |
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| 158 | #endif
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| 159 |
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| 160 | memset(pu8, 0, VMMDEV_MEMORY_BALLOON_CHUNK_SIZE);
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| 161 | return pu8;
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| 162 | }
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| 163 |
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| 164 |
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| 165 | /**
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| 166 | * Free an allocated chunk undoing VGSvcBalloonAllocChunk().
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| 167 | */
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| 168 | static void vgsvcBalloonFreeChunk(void *pv)
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| 169 | {
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| 170 | char *pu8 = (char*)pv;
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| 171 | size_t cb = VMMDEV_MEMORY_BALLOON_CHUNK_SIZE;
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| 172 |
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| 173 | #ifdef RT_OS_LINUX
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| 174 | if (!g_fSysMadviseWorks)
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| 175 | {
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| 176 | size_t const cbPage = RTSystemGetPageSize();
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| 177 |
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| 178 | cb += 2 * cbPage;
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| 179 | pu8 -= cbPage;
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| 180 | /* This is not really necessary */
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| 181 | RTMemProtect(pu8, cbPage, RTMEM_PROT_READ | RTMEM_PROT_WRITE);
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| 182 | RTMemProtect(pu8 + cb - cbPage, cbPage, RTMEM_PROT_READ | RTMEM_PROT_WRITE);
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| 183 | }
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| 184 | munmap(pu8, cb);
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| 185 |
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| 186 | #else
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| 187 |
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| 188 | RTMemPageFree(pu8, cb);
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| 189 |
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| 190 | #endif
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| 191 | }
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| 192 |
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| 193 |
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| 194 | /**
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| 195 | * Adapt the R0 memory balloon by granting/reclaiming 1MB chunks to/from R0.
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| 196 | *
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| 197 | * returns IPRT status code.
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| 198 | * @param cNewChunks The new number of 1MB chunks in the balloon.
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| 199 | */
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| 200 | static int vgsvcBalloonSetUser(uint32_t cNewChunks)
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| 201 | {
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| 202 | if (cNewChunks == g_cMemBalloonChunks)
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| 203 | return VINF_SUCCESS;
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| 204 |
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| 205 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "vgsvcBalloonSetUser: cNewChunks=%u g_cMemBalloonChunks=%u\n", cNewChunks, g_cMemBalloonChunks);
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| 206 | int rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
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| 207 | if (cNewChunks > g_cMemBalloonChunks)
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| 208 | {
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| 209 | /* inflate */
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| 210 | g_pavBalloon = (void**)RTMemRealloc(g_pavBalloon, cNewChunks * sizeof(void*));
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| 211 | uint32_t i;
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| 212 | for (i = g_cMemBalloonChunks; i < cNewChunks; i++)
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| 213 | {
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| 214 | void *pv = VGSvcBalloonAllocChunk();
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| 215 | if (!pv)
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| 216 | break;
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| 217 | rc = VbglR3MemBalloonChange(pv, /* inflate=*/ true);
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| 218 | if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
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| 219 | {
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| 220 | g_pavBalloon[i] = pv;
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| 221 | #ifndef RT_OS_SOLARIS
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| 222 | /*
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| 223 | * Protect against access by dangling pointers (ignore errors as it may fail).
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| 224 | * On Solaris it corrupts the address space leaving the process unkillable. This
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| 225 | * could perhaps be related to what the underlying segment driver does; currently
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| 226 | * just disable it.
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| 227 | */
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| 228 | RTMemProtect(pv, VMMDEV_MEMORY_BALLOON_CHUNK_SIZE, RTMEM_PROT_NONE);
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| 229 | #endif
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| 230 | g_cMemBalloonChunks++;
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| 231 | }
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| 232 | else
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| 233 | {
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| 234 | vgsvcBalloonFreeChunk(pv);
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| 235 | break;
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| 236 | }
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| 237 | }
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| 238 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "vgsvcBalloonSetUser: inflation complete. chunks=%u rc=%d\n", i, rc);
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| 239 | }
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| 240 | else
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| 241 | {
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| 242 | /* deflate */
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| 243 | uint32_t i;
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| 244 | for (i = g_cMemBalloonChunks; i-- > cNewChunks;)
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| 245 | {
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| 246 | void *pv = g_pavBalloon[i];
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| 247 | rc = VbglR3MemBalloonChange(pv, /* inflate=*/ false);
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| 248 | if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
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| 249 | {
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| 250 | #ifndef RT_OS_SOLARIS
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| 251 | /* unprotect */
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| 252 | RTMemProtect(pv, VMMDEV_MEMORY_BALLOON_CHUNK_SIZE, RTMEM_PROT_READ | RTMEM_PROT_WRITE);
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| 253 | #endif
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| 254 | vgsvcBalloonFreeChunk(pv);
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| 255 | g_pavBalloon[i] = NULL;
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| 256 | g_cMemBalloonChunks--;
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| 257 | }
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| 258 | else
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| 259 | break;
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| 260 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "vgsvcBalloonSetUser: deflation complete. chunks=%u rc=%d\n", i, rc);
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| 261 | }
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| 262 | }
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| 263 |
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| 264 | return VINF_SUCCESS;
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| 265 | }
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| 266 |
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| 267 |
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| 268 | /**
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| 269 | * @interface_method_impl{VBOXSERVICE,pfnInit}
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| 270 | */
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| 271 | static DECLCALLBACK(int) vgsvcBalloonInit(void)
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| 272 | {
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| 273 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "vgsvcBalloonInit\n");
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| 274 |
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| 275 | int rc = RTSemEventMultiCreate(&g_MemBalloonEvent);
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| 276 | AssertRCReturn(rc, rc);
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| 277 |
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| 278 | vgsvcBalloonInitMadvise();
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| 279 |
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| 280 | g_cMemBalloonChunks = 0;
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| 281 | uint32_t cNewChunks = 0;
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| 282 | bool fHandleInR3;
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| 283 |
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| 284 | /* Check balloon size */
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| 285 | rc = VbglR3MemBalloonRefresh(&cNewChunks, &fHandleInR3);
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| 286 | if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
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| 287 | {
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| 288 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "MemBalloon: New balloon size %d MB (%s memory)\n", cNewChunks, fHandleInR3 ? "R3" : "R0");
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| 289 | if (fHandleInR3)
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| 290 | rc = vgsvcBalloonSetUser(cNewChunks);
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| 291 | else
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| 292 | g_cMemBalloonChunks = cNewChunks;
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| 293 | }
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| 294 | if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
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| 295 | {
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| 296 | /* If the service was not found, we disable this service without
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| 297 | causing VBoxService to fail. */
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| 298 | if ( rc == VERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
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| 299 | #ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS /** @todo r=bird: Windows kernel driver should return VERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED,
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| 300 | * VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER has too many other uses. */
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| 301 | || rc == VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER
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| 302 | #endif
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| 303 | )
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| 304 | {
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| 305 | VGSvcVerbose(0, "MemBalloon: Memory ballooning support is not available\n");
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| 306 | rc = VERR_SERVICE_DISABLED;
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| 307 | }
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| 308 | else
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| 309 | {
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| 310 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "MemBalloon: VbglR3MemBalloonRefresh failed with %Rrc\n", rc);
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| 311 | rc = VERR_SERVICE_DISABLED; /** @todo Playing safe for now, figure out the exact status codes here. */
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| 312 | }
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| 313 | RTSemEventMultiDestroy(g_MemBalloonEvent);
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| 314 | g_MemBalloonEvent = NIL_RTSEMEVENTMULTI;
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| 315 | }
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| 316 |
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| 317 | return rc;
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| 318 | }
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| 319 |
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| 320 |
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| 321 | /**
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| 322 | * Query the size of the memory balloon, given as a page count.
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| 323 | *
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| 324 | * @returns Number of pages.
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| 325 | * @param cbPage The page size.
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| 326 | */
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| 327 | uint32_t VGSvcBalloonQueryPages(uint32_t cbPage)
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| 328 | {
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| 329 | Assert(cbPage > 0);
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| 330 | return g_cMemBalloonChunks * (VMMDEV_MEMORY_BALLOON_CHUNK_SIZE / cbPage);
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| 331 | }
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| 332 |
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| 333 |
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| 334 | /**
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| 335 | * @interface_method_impl{VBOXSERVICE,pfnWorker}
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| 336 | */
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| 337 | static DECLCALLBACK(int) vgsvcBalloonWorker(bool volatile *pfShutdown)
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| 338 | {
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| 339 | /* Start monitoring of the stat event change event. */
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| 340 | int rc = VbglR3CtlFilterMask(VMMDEV_EVENT_BALLOON_CHANGE_REQUEST, 0);
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| 341 | if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
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| 342 | {
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| 343 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "vgsvcBalloonInit: VbglR3CtlFilterMask failed with %Rrc\n", rc);
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| 344 | return rc;
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| 345 | }
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| 346 |
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| 347 | /*
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| 348 | * Tell the control thread that it can continue
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| 349 | * spawning services.
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| 350 | */
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| 351 | RTThreadUserSignal(RTThreadSelf());
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| 352 |
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| 353 | /*
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| 354 | * Now enter the loop retrieving runtime data continuously.
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| 355 | */
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| 356 | for (;;)
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| 357 | {
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| 358 | uint32_t fEvents = 0;
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| 359 |
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| 360 | /* Check if an update interval change is pending. */
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| 361 | rc = VbglR3WaitEvent(VMMDEV_EVENT_BALLOON_CHANGE_REQUEST, 0 /* no wait */, &fEvents);
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| 362 | if ( RT_SUCCESS(rc)
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| 363 | && (fEvents & VMMDEV_EVENT_BALLOON_CHANGE_REQUEST))
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| 364 | {
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| 365 | uint32_t cNewChunks;
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| 366 | bool fHandleInR3;
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| 367 | rc = VbglR3MemBalloonRefresh(&cNewChunks, &fHandleInR3);
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| 368 | if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
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| 369 | {
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| 370 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "vgsvcBalloonInit: new balloon size %d MB (%s memory)\n", cNewChunks, fHandleInR3 ? "R3" : "R0");
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| 371 | if (fHandleInR3)
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| 372 | {
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| 373 | rc = vgsvcBalloonSetUser(cNewChunks);
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| 374 | if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
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| 375 | {
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| 376 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "vgsvcBalloonInit: failed to set balloon size %d MB (%s memory)\n",
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| 377 | cNewChunks, fHandleInR3 ? "R3" : "R0");
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| 378 | }
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| 379 | else
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| 380 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "vgsvcBalloonInit: successfully set requested balloon size %d.\n", cNewChunks);
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| 381 | }
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| 382 | else
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| 383 | g_cMemBalloonChunks = cNewChunks;
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| 384 | }
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| 385 | else
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| 386 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "vgsvcBalloonInit: VbglR3MemBalloonRefresh failed with %Rrc\n", rc);
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| 387 | }
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| 388 |
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| 389 | /*
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| 390 | * Block for a while.
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| 391 | *
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| 392 | * The event semaphore takes care of ignoring interruptions and it
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| 393 | * allows us to implement service wakeup later.
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| 394 | */
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| 395 | if (*pfShutdown)
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| 396 | break;
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| 397 | int rc2 = RTSemEventMultiWait(g_MemBalloonEvent, 5000);
|
|---|
| 398 | if (*pfShutdown)
|
|---|
| 399 | break;
|
|---|
| 400 | if (rc2 != VERR_TIMEOUT && RT_FAILURE(rc2))
|
|---|
| 401 | {
|
|---|
| 402 | VGSvcError("vgsvcBalloonInit: RTSemEventMultiWait failed; rc2=%Rrc\n", rc2);
|
|---|
| 403 | rc = rc2;
|
|---|
| 404 | break;
|
|---|
| 405 | }
|
|---|
| 406 | }
|
|---|
| 407 |
|
|---|
| 408 | /* Cancel monitoring of the memory balloon change event. */
|
|---|
| 409 | rc = VbglR3CtlFilterMask(0, VMMDEV_EVENT_BALLOON_CHANGE_REQUEST);
|
|---|
| 410 | if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
|
|---|
| 411 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "vgsvcBalloonInit: VbglR3CtlFilterMask failed with %Rrc\n", rc);
|
|---|
| 412 |
|
|---|
| 413 | VGSvcVerbose(3, "vgsvcBalloonInit: finished mem balloon change request thread\n");
|
|---|
| 414 | return VINF_SUCCESS;
|
|---|
| 415 | }
|
|---|
| 416 |
|
|---|
| 417 |
|
|---|
| 418 | /**
|
|---|
| 419 | * @interface_method_impl{VBOXSERVICE,pfnStop}
|
|---|
| 420 | */
|
|---|
| 421 | static DECLCALLBACK(void) vgsvcBalloonStop(void)
|
|---|
| 422 | {
|
|---|
| 423 | RTSemEventMultiSignal(g_MemBalloonEvent);
|
|---|
| 424 | }
|
|---|
| 425 |
|
|---|
| 426 |
|
|---|
| 427 | /**
|
|---|
| 428 | * @interface_method_impl{VBOXSERVICE,pfnTerm}
|
|---|
| 429 | */
|
|---|
| 430 | static DECLCALLBACK(void) vgsvcBalloonTerm(void)
|
|---|
| 431 | {
|
|---|
| 432 | if (g_MemBalloonEvent != NIL_RTSEMEVENTMULTI)
|
|---|
| 433 | {
|
|---|
| 434 | RTSemEventMultiDestroy(g_MemBalloonEvent);
|
|---|
| 435 | g_MemBalloonEvent = NIL_RTSEMEVENTMULTI;
|
|---|
| 436 | }
|
|---|
| 437 | }
|
|---|
| 438 |
|
|---|
| 439 |
|
|---|
| 440 | /**
|
|---|
| 441 | * The 'memballoon' service description.
|
|---|
| 442 | */
|
|---|
| 443 | VBOXSERVICE g_MemBalloon =
|
|---|
| 444 | {
|
|---|
| 445 | /* pszName. */
|
|---|
| 446 | "memballoon",
|
|---|
| 447 | /* pszDescription. */
|
|---|
| 448 | "Memory Ballooning",
|
|---|
| 449 | /* pszUsage. */
|
|---|
| 450 | NULL,
|
|---|
| 451 | /* pszOptions. */
|
|---|
| 452 | NULL,
|
|---|
| 453 | /* methods */
|
|---|
| 454 | VGSvcDefaultPreInit,
|
|---|
| 455 | VGSvcDefaultOption,
|
|---|
| 456 | vgsvcBalloonInit,
|
|---|
| 457 | vgsvcBalloonWorker,
|
|---|
| 458 | vgsvcBalloonStop,
|
|---|
| 459 | vgsvcBalloonTerm
|
|---|
| 460 | };
|
|---|
